References on the Administration of Testosterone Using
ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

P8443 Banach-Petrosky,W., Jessen,W.J., Ouyang,X., Gao,H., Rao,J., Quinn,J., Aronow,B.J., bate-Shen,C. Prolonged exposure to reduced levels of androgen accelerates prostate cancer progression in Nkx3.1; Pten mutant mice. Cancer Research 2007; 67(-19-):9089-9096. >>> Testosterone propionate; PEG 400; SC; Mice; 2004; 7 months; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or no treatment; replacement therapy (castration); dose-response (fig 1A); long-term study; pumps replaced every 28 days; cancer prostate; animal info (male, C57Bl/65X129/SvImJ, 6 wks old).

P7944 Shao,T.C., Li,H.L., Kasper,S., Matusik,R., Ittmann,M., Cunningham,G.R. Comparison of the growth-promoting effects of testosterone and 7-alpha-methyl-19-nor-testosterone (MENT) on the prostate and levator ani muscle of LPB-Tag transgenic mice. PROSTATE 2006; 66(-4-):369-376. >>> Testosterone; nortestosterone, 7 alpha-methyl-19-; Cyclodextrin; SC; Mice (transgenic); 2004; 4 weeks; Replacement therapy (orchidectomy); cancer (prostate); animal info (male, transgenic, 32 grams, ORX); MENT (7-alpha-methyl-19-nor-testosterone) and testosterone dissolved in 45% cyclodextrin.

P7581 Rojas-Ortiz,Y.A., Rundle-Gonzalez,V., Rivera-Ramos,I., Jorge,J.C. Modulation of elevated plus maze behavior after chronic exposure to the anabolic steroid 17alpha-methyltestosterone in adult mice. Hormones and Behavior 2006; 49(-1-):123-128. >>> Testosterone, 17a-methyL-; Saline; cyclodextrin, B-; SC; Mice; 2002; 17 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 90 days old); behavioral study.

P7300 Venken,K., Boonen,S., Van Herck,E., Vandenput,L., Kumar,N., Sitruk-Ware,R., Sundaram,K., Bouillon,R., Vanderschueren,D. Bone and muscle protective potential of the prostate-sparing synthetic androgen 7alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone: Evidence from the aged orchidectomized male rat model. Bone 2005; 36(-4-):663-670. >>> Nortestosterone, 7a-methyl-19-; Propandiol; SC; Rat; 2004; 16 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (orchidectomy); dose-response (fig. 1); long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks; animal info (male, 13 month old, Wistar, 600-650 g).

P7200 Robichaud,M., Debonnel,G. Oestrogen and testosterone modulate the firing activity of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic neurones in both male and female rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2005; 17(-3-):179-185. >>> Estradiol, 17B-; testosterone; progesterone; pregnane-3, 20 dione, 5B-; pregnane-3a-ol, 20-one, 5a-; dehydroepiandrosterone; testosterone, 5a-dihydroxy; Ethanol; water, distilled; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2ML1; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; 3% ethanol; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, 250-325 g).

P6920 Aronson,J. The Nicolas Andry Award - Modulation of distraction osteogenesis in the aged rat by fibroblast growth factor. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2004; (-425-):264-283. >>> Fibroblast growth factor, recomb. human; dihydrotestosterone; Sodium citrate; SC; bone (tibia); Rat; 1007D; 1002; 2002; 7, 14 days; Functionality of mp verified by residual volume; comparison of injections vs. mp; post op. care (heated cage/analgesics); pumps used for systemic or targeted delivery; silastic tubing used; "The pumps were well tolerated without inflammatory reaction, infection, or pain." (p. 273); picture of pump and catheter (radiograph image) p. 277, fig 10A-B; animal info (Sprague-Dawley).

P6800 Gao,W.Q., Kearbey,J.D., Nair,V.A., Chung,K.W., Parlow,A.F., Miller,D.D., Dalton,J.T. Comparison of the pharmacological effects of a novel selective androgen receptor modulator, the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride, and the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide in intact rats: New approach for benign prostate hyperplasia. Endocrinology 2004; 145(-12-):5420-5428. >>> SARM, s-1; SARM s-2; testosterone propionate; Ethanol; PEG 300; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) are flutamide and bicalutamide analogs; animal info (ORX, male, Sprague-Dawley, 187-214 g).

P6517 Kim,N.N., Min,K., Pessina,M.A., Munarriz,R., Goldstein,I., Traish,A.M. Effects of ovariectomy and steroid hormones on vaginal smooth muscle contractility. International Journal of Impotence Research 2004; 16(-1-):43-50. >>> Testosterone; estradiol; dihydrotestosterone; dehydroepiandrosterone; PEG 300; SC; Rabbit; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (ovariectomy); animal info (female, New Zealand, white, 4.5-5.0 kg, OVX (for some)).

P6273 Traish,A.M., Huang,Y.H., Min,K.S., Kim,N.N., Munarriz,R., Goldstein,I. Binding characteristics of [3H]Delta5-androstene-3beta 17beta-diol to a nuclear protein in the rabbit vagina. Steroids 2004; 69(-1-):71-78. >>> Estradiol; testosterone; PEG; SC; Rabbit; 2002; 2 weeks; Replacement therapy (ovariectomy); animal info (female, New Zealand, white, 4.5-5.0 kg, OVX).

P6259 Yokota,T., Honda,K., Tsuruya,Y., Nomiya,M., Yamaguchi,O., Gotanda,K., Constantinou,C.E. Functional and anatomical effects of hormonally induced experimental prostate growth: A urodynamic model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the beagle. PROSTATE 2004; 58(-2-):156-163. >>> Dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-; estradiol, 17 beta; SC; Dog; 2ML4; 28 days; Animal info (Beagle, 3.5-7.2 yrs); testosterone induced BPH animal model.

P6480 Traish,A.M., Kim,N.N., Huang,Y.H., Min,K., Munarriz,R., Goldstein,I. Sex steroid hormones differentially regulate nitric oxide synthase and arginase activities in the proximal and distal rabbit vagina. International Journal of Impotence Research 2003; 15(-6-):397-404. >>> Testosterone; dehydroepiandrosterone; dihydrotestosterone, 5-alpha-; androstenediol, delta 5-3B, 17B; estradiol; progesterone; PEG; SC; Rabbit; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (ovariectomy); multiple pumps per animal (2).

P5951 Comeau,L.A., Campana,S.E. Modifying thyroidal status in Atlantic cod by osmotic pump delivery of thyroid and antithyroid agents. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY 2003; 132(-5-):1021-1026. >>> Triiodothyronine; iodide, potassium; methimazole; estradiol, 17B; testosterone; thiourea; Saline; IP; Fish (cod); 2ML1; 17 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; drug plasma levels taken; potassium iodide, methimazole and thiourea are thyroid inhibitors; sex hormones were in a separate study where the ALZET pump model was not listed; "this study demonstrates the value of osmotic pumps as effective delivery vehicles for drugs in wild demersal fish." p. 1024.

P5927 Shao,T.C., Li,H.L., Eid,W., Ittmann,M., Unni,E., Cunningham,G.R. In vivo preservation of steroid specificity in CWR22 xenografts having a mutated androgen receptor. PROSTATE 2003; 57(-1-):1-7. >>> Testosterone; estradiol; progesterone; flutamide; Cylodextrin, 2-beta-hydroxypropl; SC; Mice (nude); 2004; 4 weeks; Replacement therapy (castration); cancer (prostate); CWR22 xenograft used; flutamide is an anti-androgen; animal info (5-6 week old, nude ,ORX).

P5894 Jalouli,M., Carlsson,L., Ameen,C., Linden,D., Ljungberg,A., Michalik,L., Eden,S., Wahli,W., Oscarsson,J. Sex difference in hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha expression: Influence of pituitary and gonadal hormones. Endocrinology 2003; 144(-1-):101-109. >>> Growth hormone, bovine; testosterone; estradiol, 17B-; Phosphate buffer; glycerol; sodium asize; propylene glycol; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Replacement therapy (gonadectomy); comparison of daily injections vs. chronic mp; peptides; GH was recomb bovine&diluted in 0.05 m phosphate buffer, ph 8.6, with 1.6% glycerol&0.02% sodium azide; testosterone&estradiol were diluted in propylene glycol.

P5704 Yin,D.H., Gao,W.Q., Kearbey,J.D., Xu,H.P., Chung,K.W., He,Y.L., Marhefka,C.A., Veverka,K.A., Miller,D.D., Dalton,J.T. Pharmacodynamics of selective androgen receptor modulators. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2003; 304(-3-):1334-1340. >>> Testosterone propionate; bicalutamide derivatives; hydroxyflutamide derivatives; PEG 300; DMSO; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response; multiple pumps per animal (1-2) due to limited solubility; derivatives were isomers of novel nonsteroidal androgens; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 90-100 g, castrated).

P5619 Yin,D.H., Xu,H.P., He,Y.L., Kirkovsky,L.I., Miller,D.D., Dalton,J.T. Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of acetothiolutamide, a novel nonsteroidal agonist for the androgen receptor. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2003; 304(-3-):1323-1333. >>> Testosterone propionate; acetothiolutamide; bicalutamide, R-; PEG 300; SC; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; replacement therapy (orchidectomy); comparison of bolus IV injections vs. mp (p. 1327); stability verified by preliminary experiments (14 days at 37 C. of acetothiolutamide; half life (p. 1327) acetothiolutamide (26 min); bicalutamide is a nonsteroidal androgen; acetothioluthamide is a nonsteroidal androgen receptor ligand; agents in seperate pumps for seperate groups..

P6166 Min,K., Munarriz,R., Kim,N.N., Goldstein,I., Traish,A. Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen and androgen treatment on sildenaf il-mediated changes in female genital blood flow and vaginal lubricati on in the animal model. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2002; 187(-5-):1370-1376. >>> Estradiol; testosterone; PEG; SC; Rabbit; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; estradiol plasma levels taken; replacement therapy (ovariectomy); multiple pumps per animal used (2) for estradiol and testosterone group; animal info (female, New Zealand, white, 3.5-4.0 kg).

P5405 Val,P., Martinez,A., Sahut-Barnola,I., Jean,C., Veyssiere,G., Lefrancois-Martinez,A.M. A 77-base pair LINE-Like sequence elicits androgen-dependent mvdp/akr1-b7 expression in mouse vas deferens, but is dispensable for adrenal expression in rats. Endocrinology 2002; 143(-9-):3435-3448. >>> Testosterone; Dexamethasone acetate; Cyclodextrin; PEG; SC; Rat; 2001; 2002; 8, 10 days; Replacement therapy (orchidectomy); testosterone dissolved in cyclodextrin solution and delivered for 10 days via 2002 pumps; dexa was infused via 2001 pumps in PEG vehicle; animal info (adult, male, Wistar).

P5319 Ramachandra,S.G., Ramesh,V., Krishnamurthy,H.N., Kumar,N., Sundaram,K., Hardy,M.P., Rao,A.J. Effect of chronic administration of 7 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone on serum testosterone, number of spermatozoa and fertility in adult male bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata). REPRODUCTION 2002; 124(-2-):301-309. >>> Testosterone; nortestosterone, 7a-methyl-19-; Molecusol (cyclodextrin); water; SC; Rat; 2004; 195 days; Testosterone plasma levels checked; 45% aqueous solution of Molecusol (cyclodextrin) used; nortestosterone, 7a-methyl-19- is a.k.a MENT; animal info (adult, male, 9-12 weeks old).

P5169 Gotoh,Y., Kato,Y., Stieger,B., Meier,P.J., Sugiyama,Y. Gender difference in the Oatp1-mediated tubular reabsorption of estradiol 17 beta-D-glucuronide in rats. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2002; 282(--):E1245-E1254. >>> Testosterone; PEG 400; SC; Rat; 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (orchidectomy); multiple pumps per animal (2).

P4656 Dammann,C.E.L, Ramadurai,S.M, McCants,D.D, Pham,L.D, Nielsen,H.C  Endocrinology 2000; 141(-8-):2923-2929. >>> Dihydrotestosterone;; mice (pregnant);; 7 days;; teratology; pellets also used to administer DHT;.

P4636 Zhu,L.-J, Hardy,M.P, Inigo,I.V, Huhtaniemi,I., Bardin,C.W., Moo-Young,A.J  Biol.Reprod. 2000; 63(-2-):368-376. >>> Azaline B; Testosterone, 7a-methyl-19-nor; Water; Mannitol; Cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl (molecusol); rat;; 2ML2; 2ML4;; 1,2,3,4,8 weeks;; replacement therapy; Azaline B is a LHRH-antagonist; agents infused together or singly; the vehicle for nortestosterone was hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (trappsol)..

P4643 Cummings,D.E, Kumar,N., Bardin,C.W., Sundaram,K., Bremner,W.J. Prostate-sparing effects in primates of the potent androgen 7a-Methyl-19-Nortestosterone: A potential alternative testosterone for androgen replacement and male contraception.. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998; 83(-12-):4212-4219. >>> Nortestosterone, 7a-methyl-19-; Testosterone acetate;; Cyclodextrin, B-;; SC;; monkey;; 20 weeks;; functionality of mp verified by hormone serum levels; replacement therapy (castration); dose-response (p.4213); long-term study, pumps replaced weekly during 1st treatment, bi-weekly during 2nd period,&every 4 weeks during the last 2 periods; both steroids were dissolved in 45% solution of 2-hydroxypropyl-B-cyclodextrin; MRI.

P3800 Kumar,N., Suvisaari,J., Tsong,Y.-Y., Aguillaume,C., Bardin,C.W., Lahteenmaki,P., Sundaram,K. Pharmacokinetics of 7a-methyl-19-nortestosterone in men and cynomolgus monkeys. J.Androl. 1997; 18(-4-):352-358. >>> Nortestosterone, 7a-methyl-19-; SC; monkey; 2ML2; no duration posted; functionality of mp verified by serum MENT levels; MENT (7a-methyl-19-nortestosterone) and MENT-acetate used.

P6293 Lu,R., Kanai,N., Bao,Y., Wolkoff,A.W., Schuster,V.L. Regulation of renal oatp mRNA expression by testosterone. American Physiological Society 1996; (--):F332-F337. >>> Testosterone; estradiol; dexamethasone; PEG 600; SC; Rat; 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (gonadectomy, adrenalectomy, orchidectomy, oophorectomy).

P3629 Wood,R.I., Bean,A.R., Sundaram,K., Kumar,N., Bardin,C.W. 7a-methyl-19-nortestosterone facilitates sexual behavior in the male syrian hamster. Horm.Behav. 1996; 30(--):131-137. >>> Testosterone; Nortestosterone, 7a-methyl-19-; Cyclodextrin; SC; hamster; 2002; no duration posted; replacement therapy (castration); dose response; long-term study, pumps replaced weekly or biweekly; 7a-methyl-19-nortestosterone is also known as MENT; 35(010) Molecusol used as vehicle.

P3151 van Breda,E., Menheere,P.P.C.A., Geurten,P., Keizer,H.A. Steroid drug delivery systems in endocrine and metabolic research: evaluation of three models. Horm.Metab.Res. 1995; 27(--):436-437. >>> Testosterone; PEG 400; SC; rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp with PEG; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; comparison of depot injections, silastic tubes and mp; no stress (see pg. 437).

P3238 Lobo,M.J., Remesar,X., Alemany,M. Effect of chronic intravenous injection of steroid hormones on body weight and composition of female rats. Biochem.Molec.Biol.Intl. 1993; 29(-2-):349-358. >>> Progesterone; Cortisol; Cortisone; Corticosterone; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Androstenedione, 4-; Androstendiol, 5-; Testosterone; Nortestosterone, 19-; Estradiol, B-; Estrone; Estriol; Deoxycorticosterone; PEG 400; IV (lower cava); rat; 2002; 15 days; controls received mp with PEG; no stress (see pg. 351); pumps placed into peritoneal cavity and sutured to musculature; surgical wound sprinkled with sulphathiazol.

P3176 Morali,G., Lemus,A.E., Munguia,R., Arteaga,M., Perez-Palacios,G., Sundaram,K., Kumar,N., Bardin,C.W. Induction of male sexual behavior in the rat 7a-Methyl-19-Nortestosterone, an androgen that does not undergo 5a-reduction. Biol.Reprod. 1993; 49(--):577-581. >>> Testosterone, 7a-methyl-19-nor-; Cyclodextrin; Water; SC; rat; 2002; 4 weeks; replacement therapy (castration); pumps replaced after 14 days; MENT is a synthetic steroid; cyclodextrin was Molecusol.

P3139 Tutrone Jr,R.F., Ball,R.A., Ornitz,D.M., Leder,P., Richie,J.P. Benign prostatic hyperplasia in a transgenic mouse: a hormonally responsive investigatory model. Urol.Repro.Biol. 1993; 149(-3-):697-700. >>> Testosterone; Finasteride; SC; mice; 30 days; controls received sham castration; replacement therapy (castration); enzyme inhibitor; finasteride is Proscar, a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor.

R0122 Bouillon,R  Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg 1992; 54(-4-):365-391. >>> Testosterone; Insulin; Insulin-like growth factor I; Acetic acid; SC; rat; 2001; 2002; 14 days; peptides; review; medical category: bone&endocrinol.

P1425 Marie,P.J., Hott,M., Durand,D. Somatostatin infusion inhibits the stimulatory effect of testosterone on endosteal bone formation in the mouse. Metabolism 1988; 37(-5-):429-435. >>> Octreotide; Somatostatin; Testosterone propionate; Propylene glycol; SC; mice; 10 days; concomitant infusion of T and SMS from 2 pumps implanted simultaneously; functionality of mp verified after delivery; peptides; somatostatin analog.

P0728 Kjellstrand,P., Bjerkemo,M., Adler-Maihofer,M., Holmquist,B. Effects of solvent exposure on testosterone levels and butyrylcholinesterase activity in mice. Acta Pharmacol.Toxicol. 1985; 57(-4-):242-249. >>> Testosterone; PEG; SC; mice; 2002; 13 days; replacement therapy (castration); stress/adverse reaction (infection at site of mp implantation).

P0566 Will,P.C., Cortright,R.N., DeLisle,R.C., Douglas,J.G., Hopfer,U. Regulation of amiloride-sensitive electrogenic sodium transport in the rat colon by steroid hormones. Am.J.Physiol. 1985; 248(-1-):G124-G132. >>> Aldosterone; Corticosterone; Dexamethasone phosphate; Estradiol, 17B-; Progesterone; Testosterone; PEG 400; PEG 600; IP; rat; 1701; 2001; 3-8 days; comparison of agents effects; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy&ovariectomy); controls received mp with solvent or glass rods of mp size; no stress implied G125, weight regained; functionality of mp verified.

P0521 Guezennec,C.Y., Ferre,P., Serrurier,B., Merino,D., Aymonod,M., Pesquies,P.C. Metabolic effects of testosterone during prolonged physical exercise and fasting. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol. 1984; 52(--):300-304. >>> Testosterone propionate; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Saline; SC; rat; 6 days; comparison of hCG im injec vs. testosterone mp infusion; mp delivery rate verified.

P0189 Mittler,J.C., Ertel,N.H., Ourednik,J. Positive feedback effect of dihydrotestosterone on follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in the male rat: implications and a possible relation to the onset of puberty. Horm.Metab.Res. 1981; 13(-10-):569-570. >>> Dihydrotestosterone; PEG 300; SC; rat; 2001; 6 days; no comment posted.

P0061 Will,P.C., Cortright,R.N., Hopfer,U. Polyethylene glycols as solvents in implantable osmotic pumps. J.Pharm.Sci. 1980; 69(-6-):747-749. >>> Aldosterone; Corticosterone; Deoxycorticosterone acetate; Dexamethasone acetate; Estradiol, 17B-; Hydrocortisone; Progesterone; Spironolactone; Testosterone; PEG; PEG 400; PEG 600; IP; rat; 1701; no duration posted; 3-7 days aldosterone, 6 days PEG only; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy).

top of page