References on the Use of ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps in Neonatal Rats

P8494 Stoller,D.C., Sim-Selley,L.J., Smith,F.L. Role of kappa and delta opioid receptors in mediating morphine-induced antinociception in morphine-tolerant infant rats. Brain Research 2007; 1142(--):28-36. >>> Morphine; SC; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; post op. care (10% povidone iodine swab); animal info (P14, 30 g); Vetbond tissue adhesive used to close incision.

P8303 Zissen,M.H., Zhang,G., McKelvy,A., Propst,J.T., Kendig,J.J., Sweitzer,S.M. Tolerance, opioid-induced allodynia and withdrawal associated allodynia in infant and young rats. Neuroscience 2007; 144(-1-):247-262. >>> Morphine; Saline; SC; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 250); comparison of acute or intermittently injections vs. mp; vs. pellet; good methods (p. 249); tolerance; post op. care (IP penicillin, fluid therapy); animal info (Sprague-Dawley); morphine withdrawal; behavioral testing.

P7934 Zissen,M.H., Zhang,G.H., Kendig,J.J., Sweitzer,S.M. Acute and chronic morphine alters formalin pain in neonatal rats. Neuroscience Letters 2006; 400(-1-2-):154-157. >>> Morphine; Saline; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; post op. care (penicillin, ringer's solution); animal info (male and female Sprague-Dawley); Vetbond tissue used.

P7924 Suryawan,A., Frank,J.W., Nguyen,H.V., Davis,T.A. Expression of the TGF-beta family of ligands is developmentally regulated in skeletal muscle of neonatal rats. PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2006; 59(-2-):175-179. >>> Follistatin; PBS; SC; Rat (neonate); 11 days; Peptides; animal info (10 days old).

P7827 Thyssen,S., Arany,E., Hill,D.J. Ontogeny of regeneration of beta-cells in the neonatal rat after treatment with streptozotocin. Endocrinology 2006; 147(-5-):2346-2356. >>> Glucagon-like polypeptide-1(9-39); Saline; SC; Rat (neonate); 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 2352); peptides; animal info (Wistar, postnatal d4, STZ-treated); GLP-1 receptor antagonist; "GLP-1-(9-39) treatment did not alter weight gain in these animals or have any visible deleterious effect." (pg. 2352).

P7020 Stoller,D.C., Smith,F.L. Buprenorphine blocks withdrawal in morphine-dependent rat pups. PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA 2004; 14(-8-):642-649. >>> Morphine sulphate; Water, distilled; SC; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ isotonic saline; dependence.

P6448 Abreu-Villaca,Y., Seidler,F.J., Tate,C.A., Cousins,M.M., Slotkin,T.A. Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the response to nicotine administration in adolescence: Effects on cholinergic systems during exposure and withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29(-5-):879-890. >>> Nicotine; Water, sterile; SC; Rat (neonate); 1002; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; 1002's used in neonatal rats and 2ML2 pumps were used in adult rats.

P6038 Sarlos,S., Rizkalla,B., Moravski,C.J., Cao,Z.M., Cooper,M.E., Wilkinson-Berka,J.L. Retinal angiogenesis is mediated by an interaction between the angiotensin type 2 receptor, VEGF, and angiopoietin. American Journal of Pathology 2003; 163(-3-):879-887. >>> PD123319; IP; Rat (neonate); 2004; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (11 days old).

P6604 Marino,M.J., Awad-Granko,H., Ciombor,K.J., Conn,P.J. Haloperidol-induced alteration in the physiological actions of group I mGlus in the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Neuropharmacology 2002; 43(-2-):147-159. >>> Haloperidol; Lactic acid; NaOH; saline; SC; Rat (neonate); 2001; 16 hours; Cyanoacrylate adhesive applied over sutures; animal info (15-18 days old, 20-37 grams).

P5789 Santoni,G., Amantini,C., Lucciarini,R., Pompei,P., Perumi,M., Nabissi,M., Morrone,S., Piccoli,M. Expression of substance P and its neurokinin-1 receptor on thymocytes: Functional relevance in the regulation of thymocyte apoptosis and proliferation. NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION 2002; 10(-4-):232-246. >>> Substance P; SR140333; Water, distilled; DMSO; SC; Rat (neonate); 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ one of two vehicles; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels of (sp); dose-response (p.241); peptides; SR140333 (A NK-1R antagonist) was diluted in 1% DMSO distilled water, alone, or in combination with (sp); pups were 28 days old.

P5628 Eiden,S., Doering,H., Schmidt,I. Developmental and food-access-dependent changes in effector systems activated by leptin. PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 445(-3-):366-374. >>> Leptin; PBS; SC; Rat (neonate); 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of injections v. mp; peptides; 14 day and 25 day old rat pups used..

P5382 Margotti,E., Covaceuszach,S., Tongiorgi,E., Cattaneo,A., Domenici,L. TRKB signalling controls the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the visual cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 16(-6-):1067-1074. >>> Immunoglobulin G, TrkB; Saline; CSF/CNS (occipital cortex); Rat (neonate); 16 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by TrkB-IgG immunohistochemistry in visual cortex; immunology; TrkB-IgG consists of the soluble form of the tirosine Kinase receptor engineered as an immunoadhesin by fusing it to the Fc portion of an IgG; 20-21 day old rats used; Fig. 2A (graphic of infusion site).

P5341 Stoller,D.C., Thornton,S.R., Smith,F.L. Loss of antinociceptive efficacy in rat pups infused with morphine from osmotic minipumps. Pharmacology 2002; 66(-1-):11-18. >>> Morphine sulfate; Saline, isotonic; SC; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; toxicology; teratology; tolerance; dependence; 6-day and 14-day old rat pups implanted; incision closed w/ vetbond tissue adhesive.

P5134 Thompson,C.I., Munford,J.W., Buell,E.H., Karry,R.J., Lee,C.T., Morgan,B.L., Radnovich,A.J. Plasma constituents and mortality in rat pups given chronic insulin via injection, pellet, or osmotic minipump. Can.J Physiol Pharmacol 2002/3; 80(--):180-192. >>> Insulin, bovine; Saline; SC; rat (neonate); 1002; 10 days; Animal info (neonates, 9 days old), controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma insulin levels and residual aspiration; comparison of pellet vs. sc injections vs. mp; no stress (see p. 186); "The minipumps appeared to be well tolerated and caused no obvious difficulty with nursing" (p. 186); teratology; peptides; "...pups tolerate insulin more readily from a minipump than from a pellet..." (p. 190) "pellets caused high mortality within 24 h" (abstract); "Hypothermia is safe, and it has been shown to be an effective technique for inducing anesthesia in neonatal and preweaning rats. We therefore used moderate hypothermia to subcutaneously implant the osmotic minipumps..." p. 186; "It took approximately 1.5 minutes to implant the minipump in each pup..." p. 186; "The present studies indicate that subcutaneous insulin pellets are not suitable for this purpose (chronic insulin delivery in rat pups), since rat pups do not tolerate them well." p. 191.

P5021 Eiden,S., Preibisch,G., Schmidt,I. Leptin responsiveness of juvenile rats: proof of leptin function within the physiological range. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 2001; 530(--):131-139. >>> Leptin, recombinant mouse; PBS; SC; rat (neonate); 1002; 2002; 9 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma leptin levels; dose-response (page 135); peptides; 1002 pumps used in 15-day old pups, 2002 used in 24-day old pups; His6-tagged murine leptin used.

P5008 Robinson,S.E., Wallace,M.J. Effect of perinatal buprenorphine exposure on development in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2001; 298(--):797-804. >>> Buprenorphine; Methadone; Water; SC; rat (pregnant); rat (neonate); 14, 28 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (graphs p. 802); teratology; toxicology; dependence; 28-day pumps implanted in pregnant rats; 14-day pumps implanted in 10-day old rat pups..

P4822 Sameshima,H., Ikenoue,T. Long-term magnesium sulfate treatment as protection against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in seven-day-old rats.. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001; 184(--):185-190. >>> Magnesium sulfate;; SC;; rat (neonate);; 1003D;; 3 days;; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by measuring magnesium ion concentrations; teratology; seven-day old rat pups weithed on average 13.9±2.5 grams; neuroprotection; ischemia (cerebral).

P4632 Lohmann,A.B., Smith,F.L. Buprenorphine substitution ameliorates spontaneous withdrawal in fentanyl-dependent rat pups.. Pediatr.Res. 2001; 49(-1-):50-55. >>> Fentanyl citrate;; Saline, isotonic;; SC;; rat (neonate);; 1003D;; 72 hours;; controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; tolerance; dependence; the surgical incision was closed with Vetbond Tissue Adhesive; pumps implanted in 14-day old rat pups..

P4722 Choe,C.H, Smith,F.L. Sedative tolerance accompanies tolerance to the analgesic effects of fentanyl in infant rats.. Pediatr.Res. 2000; 47(-6-):727-735. >>> Fentanyl;; Saline;; rat (neonate);; 1003D;; 3 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma fentanyl levels; dose-response (table p. 729 / graph p. 730); tolerance; dependence; pumps implanted in 14 day old rat pups; surgical incision was closed with Vetbond tissue adhesive (3M animal care products);.

P4553 Doucette,T.A, Ryan,C.L, Tasker,R.A  Physiology and Behavior. 2000; 71(--):207-212. >>> ; Saline;; SC;; rat (neonate);; 1007D;; 9 days;; controls received sham surgery; no stress (p. 211-212); good surgical methods (p. 208-209); teratology;.

P4328 Thornton,S.R., Lohmann,A.B., Nicholson,R.A., Smith,F.L. Fentanyl self-administration in juvenile rats that were tolerant and dependent to fentanyl as infants. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2000; 65(-3-):563-570. >>> Fentanyl HCl;; Saline, pyrogen-free isotonic; SC;; rat (neonate);; 1003D; 3-5 days;; controls received mp with saline; tolerance; dependence; pain.

P8482 Trauth,J.A., Seidler,F.J., McCook,E.C., Slotkin,T.A. Adolescent nicotine exposure causes persistent upregulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain regions. Brain Res. 1999/12/18; 851(-1-2-):9-19. >>> Nicotine; SC; Rat (neonate); rat; 1002; 2ML2; 17 days; No stress (see pg. 10); animal info (P30-P47, Sprague-Dawley, male, 120 g, female 100 g); anesthetized with ether; adult animal info (90 days old, 350 g, Sprague-Dawley).

P4308 Thornton,S.R., Smith,F.L. Long-term alterations in opiate antinociception resulting from infant fentanyl tolerance and dependence. European Journal of Pharmacology 1998; 363(--):113-119. >>> Fentanyl HCl;; Saline;; SC;; rat (neonate);; 1003D;; 3-5 days;; controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; dependence;.

P4180 Thornton,S.R., Wang,A.F., Smith,F.L. Characterization of neonatal rat morphine tolerance and dependence. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1997; 340(--):161-167. >>> Morphine sulfate; Saline, sterile isotonic; SC; rat (neonate); 1003D; 3 days; controls received mp w/saline; pumps implanted in 14 day old rat pups; "osmotic minipumps may provide a reliable method of examining the tolerance and dependence liability of many opioids in neonatal rats" (p. 165); toxicology; teratology; tolerance; dependence; good surgical methods (p.102).

P3889 Brooks,W.J., Petit,T.L., LeBoutillier,J.C. Effect of chronic administration of NMDA antagonists on synaptic development. Synapse 1997; 26(--):104-113. >>> APV; Saline; CSF/CNS (occipital cortex); rat (neonate); 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; APV is 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid.

P3542 Steeb,C.-B., Shoubridge,C.A., Tivey,D.R., Read,L.C. Systemic infusion of IGF-I or LR(3)IGF-I stimulates visceral organ growth and proliferation of gut tissues in suckling rats. Am.J.Physiol.(Gastrointest.Liver Physiol.35) 1997; 272(--):G522-G533. >>> Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin-like growth factor I, LR3-; SC; rat (neonate); 1007D; 6.5 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; teratology; neonates were 6 or 12 days old; recomb. human IGF-I and human LR3IGF-I used; good surgical methodology (see pg G523).

P3449 Thornton,S.R., Smith,F.L. Characterization of neonatal rat fentanyl tolerance and dependence. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1997; 281(-1-):514-521. >>> Fentanyl; SC; rat (neonate); 1003D; no duration posted; controls received mp w/ saline; excellent methodology for working with neonates; animals were given penicillin G prophylactically, along with .5 ml saline to prevent hypovolemia; pumps were implanted 1.5 cm from the base of the tail to obviate problems w/ nursing; tolerance; dependence; teratology.

P1950 Glasscock,G.F., Hein,A.N., Miller,J.A., Hintz,R.L., Rosenfeld,R.G. Effects of continuous infusion of insulin-like growth factor I and II, alone and in combination with thyroxine or growth hormone, on the neonatal, hypophysectomized rat. Endocrinology 1992; 130(-1-):203-210. >>> Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin-like growth factor II; Acetic acid; PBS; SC; rat (neonate); 1003D; 9 days; peptides; teratology; pumps implanted in 10-day old rat pups; pumps replaced on postnatal days 13 and 16; functionality of mp verified by IGF serum levels assayed by RIA.

P0594 Bouby,N., Trinh-Trang-Tan,M.M., Bankir,L. Stimulation of tubular reabsorption of magnesium and calcium by antidiuretic hormone in conscious rats: study in Brattleboro rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. Pflugers Arch. 1984; 402(--):458-464. >>> Vasopressin, 1-desamino-8-D arginine; Saline; IP; rat (neonate); 2002; more than 2 weeks; no stress p. 463 - refers to value of exp. with non-stressed animals; prior to implant w/ mp, neonate rats received daily sc admin. of Vasopressin, 1-desamino-8-D arginine; peptides; teratology.

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