References on Intrathecal Administration of Agents Using
ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

P8609 Tsai,S.Y., Markus,T.M., Andrews,E.M., Cheatwood,J.L., Emerick,A.J., Mir,A.K., Schwab,M.E., Kartje,G.L. Intrathecal treatment with anti-Nogo-A antibody improves functional recovery in adult rats after stroke. Experimental Brain Research 2007; 182(-2-):261-266. >>> Antibody, monoclonal anti-Nogo-A; antibody, immunoglobulin G 1, anti-wheat auxin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ IgG1 or no treatment; brain tissue distribution; animal info (male, Long-Evans, 300 grams, MCAO); ischemia (cerebral); "anti-Nogo-A immunotherapy delivered through the more accessible intrathecal route is an effective way to restore neurological function following stroke." (p. 265).

P8505 Yurovsky,V.V., Gerzanich,V., Ivanova,S., Dong,Y., Tsymbalyuk,O., Simard,J.M. Autocrine TGF-beta1 mediates angiotensin II-Induced proliferative response of cerebral vessels in vivo. American Journal of Hypertension 2007; 20(-9-):950-956. >>> Angiotensin II; oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Saline; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, cisterna magna); Rat; 2001; 2004; 4-28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; blood pressure taken; antisense (TGF, beta); cardiovascular; peptides; second pump placed IT to deliver ODN.

P8487 Zhuang,Z.Y., Kawasaki,Y., Tan,P.H., Wen,Y.R., Huang,J., Ji,R.R. Role of the CX3CR1/p38 MAPK pathway in spinal microglia for the development of neuropathic pain following nerve injury-induced cleavage of fractalkine. Brain Behav.Immun. 2007/7; 21(-5-):642-651. >>> Fractalkine; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; ; Pain; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-260 g); PE-5 tubing; agent is a chemokine (AKA, CXCL1).

P8481 Locatelli,F., Corti,S., Papadimitriou,D., Fortunate,F., Del Bo,R., Donadoni,C., Nizzardo,M., Nardini,M., Salani,S., Ghezzi,S., Strazzer,S., Bresolin,N., Comi,G.P. Fas small interfering RNA reduces motoneuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. Annals of Neurology 2007; 62(-1-):81-92. >>> RNA, small interfering; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Mice (transgenic); 2004; 4 weeks; Neurodegenerative (ALS); siRNA was used to silence the Fas receptor; animal info (C57BL/6, 90 days old); "Our study demonstrated that Fas silencing is able to interfere with motoneuron degeneration…providing new insights into the ALS pathogenesis and suggesting new possible strategies of molecular therapy…of ALS." p.91.

P8458 Byrnes,K.R., Stoica,B.A., Fricke,S., Di Giovanni,S., Faden,A.I. Cell cycle activation contributes to post-mitotic cell death and secondary damage after spinal cord injury. Brain 2007; 130(--):2977-2992. >>> Flavopiridol; Saline; DMSO; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 275-325g); contusion spinal cord injury; 1% DMSO.

P8433 Svensson,C.I., Zattoni,M., Serhan,C.N. Lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxin inhibit inflammatory pain processing. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2007; 204(-2-):245-252. >>> Lipoxin A4; lipoxin B4; lipoxin B4, 8,9-acetylenic; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IT injections vs. mp; animal info (male, sprague-dawley, 250-300 grams); "LXA4 was administered via continuous IT infusion that resulted in a prolonged antihyperalgesic effect compared with IT bolus injections." (P. 247).

P8411 Kozai,T., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Obata,K., Kobayashi,K., Mashimo,T., Noguchi,K. Tissue type plasminogen activator induced in rat dorsal horn astrocytes contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity following dorsal root injury. Glia 2007; 55(-6-):595-603. >>> Tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor; Saline; CSF/CNS (Intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2002; 5,11,15 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 5); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300g.); tPA-STOP; Radiculopathy pain model.

P8400 Mizushima,T., Obata,K., Katsura,H., Sakurai,J., Kobayashi,K., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Mashimo,T., Noguchi,K. Intensity-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 in sensory neurons contributes to pain hypersensitivity. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007; 321(-1-):28-34. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothisate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothisate missense; oligodeoxynucleotide, FITC-labeled; Saline; CSF/CNS (Intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 5); antisense (ERK5); brain tissue distribution; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-250g.).

P8374 Chan,C.C.M., Wong,A.K., Liu,J., Steeves,J.D., Tetzlaff,W. ROCK inhibition with Y27632 activates astrocytes and increases their expression of neurite growth-inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Glia 2007; 55(-4-):369-384. >>> Y-27632; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1007D; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); enzyme inhibitor (Rho kinase); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, dorsal column transection).

P8260 Ito,T., Ohtori,S., Inoue,G., Koshi,T., Doya,H., Ozawa,T., Saito,T., Moriya,H., Takahashi,K. Glial phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase mediates pain in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation and induces motor dysfunction in a rat model of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Spine 2007; 32(-2-):159-167. >>> FR167653; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 7); no stress (see pg. 163); enzyme inhibitor (pg. 38 MAP kinase); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250g., 6 wks old); Lumbar disc herniation model; spinal canal stenosis model; sciatica.

P8037 Wu,G.J., Wen,Z.H., Chen,W.F., Chang,Y.C., Cherng,C.H., Wong,C.S. The effect of dexamethasone on spinal glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase expression in morphine-tolerant rats. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2007; 104(-3-):726-730. >>> Morphine; dexamethasone; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Animal info (male, Wistar, 350-370 grams).

P7977 Yamanaka,H., Obata,K., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Noguchi,K. Alteration of the cell adhesion molecule L1 expression in a specific subset of primary afferent neurons contributes to neuropathic pain. European Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 25(-4-):1097-1111. >>> Immunoglobulin G, non-immune mouse; antibody, anti-L1-CAM; SB203580; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2002; ; Animal info (Male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams); silicone tubing, 0.64 mm O.D filled with 5.0 ul's of saline; inserted ~ 0.5 cm's into the intrathecal space; SB203580 is a p38 inhibitor.

P8408 Proudfoot,C.J., Garry,E.M., Cottrell,D.F., Rosie,R., Anderson,H., Robertson,D.C., Fleetwood-Walker,S.M., Mitchel,R. Analgesia mediated by the TRPM8 cold receptor in chronic neuropathic pain. CURRENT BIOLOGY 2006; 16(-16-):1591-1605. >>> Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate missense; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2002; 5, 13-16 days; Controls received mp w/ missense oligo; antisense (TRPM8, rat); animal info (male, Wistar, 120-250g., chronic constriction sciatic nerve injury).

P8320 Rygh,L.J., Suzuki,R., Rahman,W., Wong,Y., Vonsy,J.L., Sandhu,H., Webber,M., Hunt,S., Dickenson,A.H. Local and descending circuits regulate long-term potentiation and zif268 expression in spinal neurons. European Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 24(-3-):761-772. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate, mismatch; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or mismatch ODN or no treatment; antisense (zif268); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 130-150 grams); dye injections used to confirm cannula placement.

P8136 Ishii,K., Nakamura,M., Dai,H.N., Finn,T.P., Okano,H., Toyama,Y., Bregman,B.S. Neutralization of ciliary neurotrophic factor reduces astrocyte production from transplanted neural stem cells and promotes regeneration of corticospinal tract fibers in spinal cord injury. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2006; 84(-8-):1669-1681. >>> Antibody, polyclonal goat anti-CNTF; immunoglobulin-G, goat; CSF/CNS (Intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ IgG; brain tissue distribution; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300g. spinal cord lesioning, NSC transplant).

P8134 Figueroa,J.D., Benton,R.L., Velazquez,I., Torrado,A.I., Ortiz,C.M., Hernandez,C.M., Diaz,J.J., Magnuson,D.S., Whittemore,S.R., Miranda,J.D. Inhibition of EphA7 up-regulation after spinal cord injury reduces apoptosis and promotes locomotor recovery. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2006; 84(-7-):1438-1451. >>> Oligonucleotide, missense; oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, FITC antisense; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ missense oligonucleotide; antinsense (EphA7); brain tissue distribution; cyanoacrylate adhesive; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 200-275g., SCI contusion); mp primed overnight in 37 celsius.

P8126 Lin,C.R., Amaya,F., Barrett,L., Wang,H.B., Takada,J., Samad,T.A., Woolf,C.J. Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006; 319(-3-):1096-1103. >>> RNA, short hairpin; RNA, short hairpin, mismatched; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or mismatched shRNA; dose-response (p.1100); antisense (Ep4); brain tissue distribution; toxicology; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200g., peripheral hind paw inflammation).

P8118 Katsura,H., Obata,K., Mizushima,T., Sakurai,J., Kobayashi,K., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Sakagami,M., Noguchi,K. Activation of Src-family kinases in spinal microglia contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity after nerve injury. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-34-):8680-8690. >>> PP2; PP3; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ normal saline; dose-response (fig.8); enzyme inhibitor (Src-Family tyrosine kinase); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250g., spinal nerve ligation); 50% DMSO.

P8112 Ji,B., Li,M., Wu,W.T., Yick,L.W., Lee,X., Shao,Z., Wang,J., So,K.F., Mccoy,J.M., Pepinsky,R.B., Mi,S., Relton,J.K. LINGO-1 antagonist promotes functional recovery and axonal sprouting after spinal cord injury. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE 2006; 33(-3-):311-320. >>> Immunoglobulin G1, human; LINGO-1-Fc, recomb. human; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or IgG1; replacement therapy (dorsal hemisection); peptides; post op. care (Buprenorphine/Buprenex, Ampicillin); animal info (female, Long Evans, 7 wk old).

P8038 Wilson-Gerwing,T.D., Verge,V.M.K. Neurotrophin-3 attenuates galanin expression in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2006; 141(-4-):2075-2085. >>> NT-3; PBS; albumin, rat serum; streptomycin; penicillin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (adult, male, wistar, 250-300 grams).

P8029 Dijkstra,S., Duis,S., Pans,I.M., Lankhorst,A.J., Hamers,F.P.T., Veldman,H., Baer,P.R., Gispen,W.H., Joosten,E.A.J., Geisert,EE Jr  Experimental Neurology 2006; 202(-1-):57-66. >>> Antibody, anti-CD81; immunoglobulin, G; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Post op. care (fluid therapy, 3.0 ml saline); animal info (adult, female, Wistar, 11 weeks old, 200-240 grams); spinal cord cannulation technique outlined (p. 58); PE tubing used; pump functionality measured incorrectly; x-ray image of pump/cannulation (p. 59); behavioral study.

P8028 Obata,K., Katsura,H., Sakurai,J., Kobayashi,K., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Noguchi,K. Suppression of the p75 neurotrophin receptor in uninjured sensory neurons reduces neuropathic pain after nerve injury. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-46-):11974-11986. >>> Antibody, anti-NGF; antibody, anti-P75NTR; K252a; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams); nerve injury; silastic tubing used; K252a in 50% DMSO; behavioral testing.

P8024 Ohta,Y., Nagai,M., Nagata,T., Murakarni,T., Nagano,I., Narai,H., Kurata,T., Shiote,M., Shoji,M., Abe,K. Intrathecal injection of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes proliferation of neural precursor cells in the spinal cords of mice with mutant human SOD1 gene. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2006; 84(-5-):980-992. >>> Epidermal growth factor; fibroblast growth factor; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar region); Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (100 days old); no body weight changes after implantation of pumps.

P8019 Kaneko,S., Iwanami,A., Nakamura,M., Kishino,A., Kikuchi,K., Shibata,S., Okano,H.J., Ikegami,T., Moriya,A., Konishi,O. A selective Sema3A inhibitor enhances regenerative responses and functional recovery of the injured spinal cord. Nature Medicine 2006; 12(--):1380-1389. >>> SM-216289; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, spinal cord lesion); Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ PBS; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams, spinal cord transection); neuroscience.

P8011 Tai,Y.H., Wang,Y.H., Wang,J.J., Tao,P.L., Tung,C.S., Wong,C.S. Amitriptyline suppresses neuroinflammation and up-regulates glutamate transporters in morphine-tolerant rats. Pain 2006; 124(-1-2-):77-86. >>> Amitriptyline; morphine; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); SC; Rat; 2001; 5 days; Tolerance; animal info (male, Wistar, 350-400 grams); behavioral study.

P7994 Vavrek,R., Girgis,J., Tetzlaff,W., Hebert,G.W., Fouad,K. BDNF promotes connections of corticospinal neurons onto spared descending interneurons in spinal cord injured rats. Brain 2006; 129(--):1534-1545. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NT-3; Albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS (left motor cortex, intrathecal, cisterna magna); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; SCI (spinal cord injury); dental cement used to secure cannula; NT-3 delivered intrathecally; tissue perfusion (left motor cortex).

P7974 Bennett,D.L.H., Boucher,T.J., Michael,G.J., Popat,R.J., Malcangio,M., Averill,S.A., Poulsen,K.T., Priestley,J.V., Shelton,D.L., McMahon,S.B. Artemin has potent neurotrophic actions on injured C-fibres. JOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 2006; 11(-4-):330-345. >>> Artmenin, recomb. human; HEPES-mannitol buffer; albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (adult, male, spinal nerve ligation and axotoma); GDNF family factor.

P7928 Toth,C., Brussee,V., Martinez,J.A., McDonald,D., Zochodne,D.W. Rescue and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve axons by intrathecal insulin. Neuroscience 2006; 139(-2-):429-449. >>> Insulin; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar, peroneal nerve); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (adult male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300 grams); silicone catheters (0.012" x 0.025") used between L6-S1 vertebrae; nerve perfusion chamber used for nerve infusion; nerve injury; India Ink in pumps to verify delivery; behavioral testing.

P7884 Jhamandas,K., Milne,B., Sutak,M., Gouarderes,C., Zajac,J.M., Yang,H.Y.T. Facilitation of spinal morphine analgesia in normal and morphine tolerant animals by neuropeptide SF and related peptides. Peptides 2006; 27(-5-):953-963. >>> Morphine sulfate; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 6 days; Comparison of IT injections vs. mp; tolerance; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-275g.).

P7856 Liu,Y.R., Liu,J., Tetzlaff,W., Paty,D.W., Cynader,M.S. Biliverdin reductase, a major physiologic cytoprotectant, suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2006; 40(-6-):960-967. >>> CSF, artificial; CSF, artificial; gentamicin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2004; ; Immunology; animal info (male, Lewis, 200g., EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis)); freshly prepared antioxidant enzymes were delivered intrathecally once daily through the PE tubing via Hamilton syringe on days 13-17, mp then reconnected to keep tube clear; multiple sclerosis model; pump used to maintain catheter patency.

P7829 Toth,C., Brussee,V., Zochodne,D.W. Remote neurotrophic support of epidermal nerve fibres in experimental diabetes. Diabetologia 2006; 49(-5-):1081-1088. >>> Insulin; insulin-like growth factor-1; Saline; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2002; 1 month; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (stz-induced diabetes); pumps replaced after 2 weeks; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g.); comparison of SC mp vs. IT mp.

P7821 Cao,Z.X., Gao,Y., Bryson,J.B., Hou,J.W., Chaudhry,N., Siddiq,M., Martinez,J., Spencer,T., Carmel,J., Hart,R.B., Filbin,M.T. The cytokine interleukin-6 is sufficient but not necessary to mimic the peripheral conditioning lesion effect on axonal growth. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-20-):5565-5573. >>> Interleukin-6, recomb. rat; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1002; 2 weeks; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response (fig. 7); no stress (see pg. 5571); peptides; animal info (female, Long-Evans, pg. 21-pg. 23; bilateral dorsal column lesion, 8wk old); mp primed at least 4 hours at 37 celsius.

P7814 Hata,K., Fujitani,M., Yasuda,Y., Doya,H., Saito,T., Yamagishi,S., Mueller,B.K., Yamashita,T. RGMa inhibition promotes axonal growth and recovery after spinal cord injury. Journal of Cell Biology 2006; 173(-1-):47-58. >>> Antibody, anti-rat RGMA; immunoglobulin G, rabbit; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ rabbit IgG; animal info (female, Wistar, 200-250g., spinal cord hemisection); repulsive guidance molecule (RGM).

P7808 Karimi-Abdolrezaee,S., Eftekharpour,E., Wang,J., Morshead,C.M., Fehlings,M.G. Delayed transplantation of adult neural precursor cells promotes remyelination and functional neurological recovery after spinal cord injury. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-13-):3377-3389. >>> Fibroblast growth factor, basic; epidermal growth factor; platelet-derived growth factor-AA; CSF, artificial; gentamycin; BSA; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Peptides; animal info (female, Wistar, 250g., spinal cord injury, neural precursor cells transplantation).

P7797 Zhuang,Z.Y., Wen,Y.R., Zhang,D.R., Borsello,T., Bonny,C., Strichartz,G.R., Decosterd,I., Ji,R.R. A peptide c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor blocks mechanical allodynia after spinal nerve ligation: Respective roles of JNK activation in primary sensory neurons and spinal astrocytes for neuropathic pain development and maintenance. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-13-):3551-3560. >>> Peptide, D-JNK inhibitor 1; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); CSF/CNS (dorsal root ganglion); Rat; 2 weeks; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or control peptide; comparison of IT injections vs. mp; enzyme inhibitor (c-Jun-N-terminal kinase); peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-260g., spinal nerve ligation); mp primed 3hrs in saline.

P7677 Ivanov,A., Gerzanich,V., Ivanova,S., DenHaese,R., Tsymbalyuk,O., Simard,J.M. Adenylate cyclase 5 and Kca1.1 channel are required for EGFR up-regulation of PCNA in native contractile rat basilar artery smooth muscle. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 2006; 570(-1-):73-84. >>> Epidermal growth factor; AG-1478; angiotensin II; iberiotoxin; CSF, artificial; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, cisterna magna); SC; Rat; 2001; 2004; 1,3 days; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ aCSF; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (female, wistar, 275-325 g); angiotensin II disolved in saline and was subcutaneously delivered for 4 weeks using the 2004 model pump.

P7558 Kelleher,M.O., Myles,L.M., Al-Abri,R.K., Glasby,M.A. The use of ciliary neurotrophic factor to promote recovery after peripheral nerve injury by delivering it at the site of the cell body. Acta Neurochirurgica 2006; 148(-1-):55-61. >>> Ciliary neurotrophic factor; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Sheep; 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ physiological saline; no stress (see pg. 57); half-life (pg. 59) 3 minutes in serum; peptides; post op. care (cefuroxime); median nerve transected and repaired; "The adverse cytokine-like side-effects associated with systemic administration of CNTF, namely cough, asthenia, nausea, anorexia and weight loss, aphthous stomatitis and fever were not observed in any of our animals". (pg. 57).

P8606 Hagg,T., Baker,K.A., Emsley,J.G., Tetzlaff,W. Prolonged local neurotrophin-3 infusion reduces ipsilateral collateral sprouting of spared corticospinal axons in adult rats. Neuroscience 2005; 130(-4-):875-887. >>> Neurotrophin-3, recomb. human; PBS; gentamicin; albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response (fig. 4); stability verified by activity assay of residual mp content after 14 days in vivo; ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; post op. care (Penicillin G, buprenorphine); animal info (Sprague-Dawley, 3 months old, 200-220 grams, partial resection of corticospinal tract); schematic of mp p. 877 fig 2.

P7736 Shiote,M., Nagano,I., Ilieva,H., Murakami,T., Narai,H., Ohta,Y., Nagata,T., Shoji,M., Abe,K. Reduction of a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fetal liver kinase-1, by antisense oligonucleotides induces motor neuron death in rat spinal cord exposed to hypoxia. Neuroscience 2005; 132(-1-):175-182. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or sense or missense ODN; antisense (FLK-1); animal info (adult, male, Sprague-Dawley, 8wk. old, 260-280g.).

P7723 Hofacker,A., Coste,O., Van Nguyen,H., Marian,C., Scholich,K., Geisslinger,G. Downregulation of cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase results in decreased nociceptive behavior in rats. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-39-):9005-9009. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ sense ODN; antisense (cPGES); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley); mp primed 15-18 hours in 37 Celsius saline; cPGES is cystolic Prostaglandin E2 synthases.

P7663 Kaplin,A.I., Deshpande,D.M., Scott,E., Krishnan,C., Carmen,J.S., Shats,I., Martinez,T., Drummond,J., Dike,S., Pletnikov,M., Keswani,S.C., Moran,T.H., Pardo,C.A., Calabresi,P.A., Kerr,D.A. IL-6 induces regionally selective spinal cord injury in patients with the neuroinflammatory disorder transverse myelitis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005; 115(-10-):2731-2741. >>> Interleukin 6, recomb. rat; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; immunology; neurodegenerative (transverse myelitis, spinal cord injury); animal info (Sprague-Dawley, adult); SCI.

P7621 Narai,H., Nagano,I., Ilieva,H., Shiote,M., Nagata,T., Hayashi,T., Shoji,M., Abe,K. Prevention of spinal motor neuron death by insulin-like growth factor-1 associating with the signal transduction systems in SOD(G93A) transgenic mice. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2005; 82(-4-):452-457. >>> Insulin-like growth factor I, recomb. human; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space, lumbar); Mice (transgenic); 2004; 5-10 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig 1); long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks; neurodegenerative (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis); animal info (C57BL/6J, female).

P7579 Svetlecic,J., Molteni,A., Chen,Y.Y., Al-Hamed,M., Quinn,T., Herndon,B. Transplant-related bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS) demonstrates unique cytokine profiles compared to toxicant-induced BOS. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 2005; 79(-3-):198-205. >>> Papaverine HCl; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 7, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (Sprague-Dawley).

P7563 Ikegami,T., Nakamura,M., Yamane,J., Katoh,H., Okada,S., Iwanami,A., Watanabe,K., Ishii,K., Kato,F., Fujita,H., Takahashi,T., Okano,H.J., Toyama,Y., Okano,H. Chondroitinase ABC combined with neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation enhances graft cell migration and outgrowth of growth-associated protein-43-positive fibers after rat spinal cord injury. European Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 22(-12-):3036-3046. >>> Chondroitinase ABC; Saline, physiological; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ heat inactivated agent; stability verified by ALZAID chemical compability test kit for 7 days; animal info (adult, female, Sprague-Dawley 230-250 g); mp primed overnight in 37 C saline; spinal cord injury.

P7560 Lu,X.C.M., Williams,A.J., Wagstaff,J.D., Tortella,F.C., Hartings,J.A. Effects of delayed intrathecal infusion of an NMDA receptor antagonist on ischemic injury and peri-infarct depolarizations. Brain Research 2005; 1056(-2-):200-208. >>> CGX-1007; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, cisterna magna); Rat; 2001D; 16 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); no stress (see pg. 203); dose-dependent paralysis and mortality; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 275-350 g); agent also known as Conantokin-G; NMDA receptor antagonist; middle cerebral artery occlusion; stretched PE-10 tubing to a PE-60 connection piece.

P7559 Chan,C.C.M., Khodarahmi,K., Liu,J., Sutherland,D., Oschipok,L.W., Steeves,J.D., Tetzlaff,W. Dose-dependent beneficial and detrimental effects of ROCK inhibitor Y27632 on axonal sprouting and functional recovery after rat spinal cord injury. Experimental Neurology 2005; 196(-2-):352-364. >>> Y-27632; streptomycin; PBS, sterile; penicillin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; 2, 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by ROCK inhibitory activity in CSF; dose-response (fig. 3); stability of Y27632 verified by ROCK inhibitory activity after 13 days in mp at 37 C; enzyme inhibitor (RHO Kinase); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley); cervical 4/5 dorsal column transection.

P7556 Liebscher,T., Schnell,L., Schnell,D., Scholl,J., Schneider,R., Gullo,M., Fouad,K., Mir,A., Rausch,M., Kindler,D., Hamers,F.P.T., Schwab,M.E. Nogo-A antibody improves regeneration and locomotion of spinal cord-injured rats. Annals of Neurology 2005; 58(-5-):706-719. >>> Antibody, monoclonal mouse; anti-rat Nogo-A (623-640); antibody, monoclonal mouse; anti-Nogo-A (1-979); antibody, monoclonal mouse; anti- wheat auxin; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ monoclonal anti-wheat auxin Ab; functionality verified by Ab concentrations in CSF; post op. care (baytril, analgesic); animal info (female, Lewis, spinal cord lesion).

P7528 Takeda,K., Sawamura,S., Tamai,H., Sekiyama,H., Hanaoka,K. Role for cyclooxygenase 2 in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and spinal glial activation. Anesthesiology 2005; 103(-4-):837-844. >>> Meloxicam sodium; Saline, normal; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); no stress (see pg. 839); enzyme inhibitor (cyclooxygenase-2); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150 g); spinal nerve ligation; "continuous administration is more advantageous compared with an intermittent one because interruption of drug effects can be avoided"; "all of the rats maintained good health... no infection or motor dysfunction was observed in any of the animals". (p839).

P7470 Plantman,S., Novikova,L., Novikov,L., Hammarberg,H., Wallquist,W., Kellerth,J.O., Cullheim,S. Integrin messenger RNAs in the red nucleus after axotomy and neurotrophic administration. NeuroReport 2005; 16(-7-):709-713. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb human; NT-3; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 1, 3 weeks; Controls recieved no treatment; peptides; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley); spinal hemisection (peripheral axotomy).

P7457 Lin,J.A., Lee,M.S., Wu,C.T., Yeh,C.C., Lin,S.L., Wen,Z.H., Wong,C.S. Attenuation of morphine tolerance by intrathecal gabapentin is associated with suppression of morphine-evoked excitatory amino acid release in the rat spinal cord. Brain Research 2005; 1054(-2-):167-173. >>> Morphine; gabapentin; Saline, normal; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute IT infusions vs. mp; tolerance; animal info (male, Wistar, 400-450 g).

P7419 Schmidtko,A., Del Turco,D., Coste,O., Ehnert,C., Niederberger,E., Ruth,P., Deller,T., Geisslinger,G., Tegeder,I. Essential role of the synaptic vesicle protein synapsin II in formalin- induced hyperalgesia and glutamate release in the spinal cord. Pain 2005; 115(-1-2-):171-181. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (synapsin II); animal info (male, sprague dawley); PE catheter with an O.D of 0.61 mm, 5-7 cm; pump implanted SC in tail region.

P7414 Wen,Z.H., Wu,G.J., Chang,Y.C., Wang,J.J., Wong,C.S. Dexamethasone modulates the development of morphine tolerance and expression of glutamate transporters in rats. Neuroscience 2005; 133(-3-):807-817. >>> Dexamethasone; morphine; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, occipital); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ saline or dex; animal info (male, wistar, 400-500 g).

P7378 Tawfik,V.L., LaCroix-Fralish,M.L., Nutile-McMeneny,N., DeLeo,J.A. Transcriptional and translational regulation of glial activation by morphine in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2005; 313(-3-):1239-1247. >>> Morphine; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1007D; 2002; 2ML2; 3, 6, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (Fig. 1); comparison of SC mp vs. IT mp; tolerance; mp primed overhight in 37 degrees celsius saline, "a continuous adminstration protocol was used to prevent daily variations in plasma drug levels, which have been shown to enhance tolerance." (p. 1246).

P7357 Nakagawa,H., Yoshioka,K., Miyahara,E., Fukushima,Y., Tamura,M., Itoh,K. Intrathecal administration of Y-27632, a specific Rho-associated kinase inhibitor, for rat neoplastic meningitis. MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH 2005; 3(-8-):425-433. >>> Y-27632; uridine, fluorodeoxy-; PBS; CSF/CNS (Intrathecal, cisterna magna); Rat; 2002; ; Cancer (breast); enzyme inhibitor (rho-associated kinase inhibitor).

P7301 Perez,C.A., Concha,A., Hernandez,M.E., Manzo,J. Influence of the paraventricular nucleus and oxytocin on the retrograde stain of pubococcygeus muscle motoneurons in male rats. Brain Research 2005; 1041(-1-):11-18. >>> Oxytocin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of intrathecal injections vs. mp.

P7288 Scholz,J., Broom,D.C., Youn,D.H., Mills,C.D., Kohno,T., Suter,M.R., Moore,K.A., Decosterd,I., Coggeshall,R.E., Woolf,C.J. Blocking caspase activity prevents transsynaptic neuronal apoptosis and the loss of inhibition in lamina II of the dorsal horn after peripheral nerve injury. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-32-):7317-7323. >>> zVAD; dizocilpine; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 4 weeks; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of intrathecal injections vs. mp; enzyme inhibitor (caspase); peptides; MK-801; catheter tip location confirmed at end of infusion.

P7285 Dai,Y., Wang,H., Ogawa,A., Yamanaka,H., Obata,K., Tokunaga,A., Noguchi,K. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the spinal cord contributes to neuropathic pain in a rat model of mononeuropathy. European Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 21(-9-):2467-2474. >>> KN93; KN92; MK-801; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1003D; 2001; 2002; 3,7,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or KN92 control peptide; no stress (see pg. 2472); enzyme inhibitor (Ca/Calmodulin - dependent protein Kinase II); peptides; 10% DMSO; cannula tip location verified by dissection; NMDA receptor antagonist.

P7265 Ji,B.X., Li,M.W., Budel,S., Pepinsky,R.B., Walus,L., Engber,T.M., Strittmatter,S.M., Relton,J.K. Effect of combined treatment with methylprednisolone and soluble Nogo-66 receptor after rat spinal cord injury. European Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 22(-3-):587-594. >>> Nogo-66 receptor (27-310) ecto-Fc; immunoglobulin G, rat; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle rat IgG; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; stability verified by analysis of remaining mp contents; post op. care (buprenorphine/buprenex, ampicillin); spinal cord injury.

P7244 Obata,K., Katsura,H., Mizushima,T., Yamanaka,H., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Tokunaga,A., Tominaga,M., Noguchi,K. TRPA1 induced in sensory neurons contributes to cold hyperalgesia after inflammation and nerve injury. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005; 115(-9-):2393-2401. >>> SB203580; antibody, anti-nerve growth factor; oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, FITC antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or sham surgery or mismatch ODN or contralateral no treatment; antisense (TRPA1); brain tissue distribution; 50% DMSO.

P7241 Gu,G.B., Kondo,I., Hua,X.Y., Yaksh,T.L. Resting and evoked spinal substance P release during chronic intrathecal morphine infusion: Parallels with tolerance and dependence. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2005; 314(-3-):1362-1369. >>> Morphine sulfate; saline, sterile physiological; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 1, 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; dependence.

P7211 Butler,M., Hayes,C.S., Chappell,A., Murray,S.F., Yaksh,T.L., Hua,X.Y. Spinal distribution and metabolism of 2PRIME-O- (2-methoxyethyl)-modified oligonucleotides after intrathecal administration in rats. Neuroscience 2005; 131(-3-):705-715. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphoro and hioate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2001; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ missense oligos; comarison of IT bolus injections vs. mp; half-life (p. 712) "of the order of weeks"; antisense (protein kiase C alpha isozyme); "slow infusion is more efficacious than bolus dosing" (p. 712).

P6954 Harrington,J.F., Messier,A.A., Hoffman,L., Yu,E., Dykhuizen,M., Barker,K. Physiological and behavioral evidence for focal nociception induced by epidural glutamate infusion in rats. Spine 2005; 30(-6-):606-612. >>> Glutamate; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 1003D; 72 hours; Behavioral study; pain; lumbar catheterization (L5) using PE-10.

P6902 Fouad,K., Schnell,L., Bunge,M.B., Schwab,M.E., Liebscher,T., Pearse,D.D. Combining Schwann cell bridges and olfactory-ensheathing glia grafts with chondroitinase promotes locomotor recovery after complete transection of the spinal cord. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-5-):1169-1178. >>> Chondroitinase ABC; antibody, immunoglobulin G, recomb. mouse; galactosidase; Saline; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2002; 4 weeks; Comparison of IT injections vs. mp; pumps replaced at two weeks; post op. care (antibiotic); spinal cord injury; Recathco catheter used; behavioral study.

P7087 Andratschke,N.H., Nieder,C., Price,R.E., Rivera,B., Tucker,S.L., Ang,K.K. Modulation of rodent spinal cord radiation tolerance by administration of platelet-derived growth factor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS 2004; 60(-4-):1257-1263. >>> Platelet-derived growth factor-BB; SC; CSF/CNS (cisterna magna, intrathecal); Rat; 2ML1; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp cannulas and catheters verified before implantation and after removal; dose-response (table 2); no stress (see pg. 1261); cancer; toxicology.

P7026 Ramer,L.M., Borisoff,J.F., Ramer,M.S. Rho-kinase inhibition enhances axonal plasticity and attenuates cold hyperalgesia after dorsal rhizotomy. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-48-):10796-10805. >>> Y-27632; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 7,10,28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (Rho kinase).

P7023 Obata,K., Yamanaka,H., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Mizushima,T., Katsura,H., Fukuoka,T., Tokunaga,A., Noguchi,K. Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in injured and intact primary afferent neurons for mechanical and heat hypersensitivity after spinal nerve ligation. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-45-):10211-10222. >>> U0126; SB203580; FR167653; SP 600125; antibody, anti-NGF, sheep; DMSO, saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitors (MAPK kinase, p38, JNK); 50% DMSO used.

P7011 Wang,C.H., Lee,T.H., Tsai,Y.J., Liu,J.K., Chen,Y.J., Yang,L.C., Lu,C.Y. Intrathecal cdk5 inhibitor, roscovitine, attenuates morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats1. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004; 25(-8-):1027-1030. >>> Roscovitine; morphine; DMSO; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Enzyme inhibitor (cyclin dependent kinase 5); tolerance.

P6888 Darman,J., Backovic,S., Dike,S., Maragakis,N.J., Krishnan,C., Rothstein,J.D., Irani,D.N., Kerr,D.A. Viral-induced spinal motor neuron death is non-cell-autonomous and involves glutamate excitotoxicity. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-34-):7566-7575. >>> Aspartic acid, dl-threo-B-hydroxy; spermine, 1-naphthyl acetyl; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; enzyme inhibitors (GLT-1, GluR2).

P6821 Li,S.X., Liu,B.P., Budel,S., Li,M.W., Ji,B.X., Walus,L., Li,W.W., Jirik,A., Rabacchi,S., Choi,E., Worley,D., Sah,D.W.Y., Pepinsky,B., Lee,D., Relton,J., Strittmatter,S.M. Blockade of Nogo-66, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein by soluble Nogo-66 receptor promotes axonal sprouting and recovery after spinal injury. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-46-):10511-10520. >>> NgR (310) Ecto-Fc; immunoglobulin G, rat; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ rat IgG; peptides.

P6806 Haninec,P., Dubovy,P., Samal,F., Houstava,L., Stejskal,L. Reinnervation of the rat musculocutaneous nerve stump after its direct reconnection with the C5 spinal cord segment by the nerve graft following avulsion of the ventral spinal roots: a comparison of intrathecal administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Cerebrolysin. Experimental Brain Research 2004; 159(-4-):425-432. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; cerebrolysin; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; C5 ventral root avulsion; "indicating a superior availability and effect of neuron-promoting agents after their continuous intrathecal rather than single or intravenous administration even if their concentrations were lower." (p. 430).

P6801 Iannotti,C., Zhang,Y.P., Shields,C.B., Han,Y.C., Burke,D.A., Xu,X.M. A neuroprotective role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor following moderate spinal cord contusion injury. Experimental Neurology 2004; 189(-2-):317-332. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; glial-derived neurotrophic factor, alexa S94 dye-conjugated; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2004; 3 weeks; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume and cannula patency; good methods p. 318; brain tissue distribution; spinal cord injury.

P6798 Brussee,V., Cunningham,F.A., Zochodne,D.W. Direct insulin signaling of neurons reverses diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 2004; 53(-7-):1824-1830. >>> Insulin, human; FITC-Insulin; Insulin-like growth factor I; antibody, polyclonal anti-rat insulin; dye, india ink; antibody, polyclonal anti-albumin; Saline; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or anti-albumin Ab; functionality of mp verified by dye; replacement therapy (streptozotocin induced diabetes); india ink used to confirm catheter placement and intrathecal delivery.

P6788 Wiksten,M., Vaeaenaenen,A.J., Liebkind,R., Liesi,P. Regeneration of adult rat spinal cord is promoted by the soluble KDI domain of gamma 1 laminin. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2004; 78(-3-):403-410. >>> Laminin, gamma 1-KDI domain; Saline; serum, human; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, spinal cord); Rat; 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; brain tissue distribution; peptides; post op. care (morphine, ketoprofen).

P6780 Obata,K., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Mizushima,T., Fukuoka,T., Tokunaga,A., Noguchi,K. Differential activation of MAPK in injured and uninjured DRG neurons following chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats. European Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 20(-11-):2881-2895. >>> U0126; SB203580; DMSO; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1003D; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (MAPK kinase); 50% DMSO used.

P6778 Takeda,K., Sawamura,S., Sekiyama,H., Tamai,H., Hanaoka,K. Effect of methylprednisolone on neuropathic pain and spinal glial activation in rats. Anesthesiology 2004; 100(-5-):1249-1257. >>> Methylprednisolone; Water, distilled; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; no stress (see pg. 1252); "All the rats maintained good health and continued to gain weight throughout the experimental period. No infection or motor dysfunction was observed in any of the animals." (p. 1252).

P6768 Tanaka,H., Yamashita,T., Yachi,K., Fujiwara,T., Yoshikawa,H., Tohyama,M. Cytoplasmic p21Cip1/WAF1 enhances axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. Neuroscience 2004; 127(-1-):155-164. >>> p21-Cip1/WAF-1, TAT fusion protein, cytoplasmic-; Y-27632; HA-1077; PBS; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or control protein; functionality of mp verified by BDA-labeled fibers; dose-response (Fig.2); enzyme inhibitor (Rho kinase); peptides.

P6722 Quartilho,A., Mata,H.P., Ibrahim,M.M., Vanderah,T.W., Ossipov,M.H., Lai,J., Porreca,F., Malan,P.Jr  Anesthesiology 2004; 100(-6-):1538-1544. >>> Clonidine; MK-801; dexmedetomidine; idazoxan; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); SC; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Comparison of IT injections vs. IT and SC mp; idazoxan and MK-801 infused intrathecally in a separate infusion.

P6644 Bergerot,A., Shortland,P.J., Anand,P., Hunt,S.P., Carlstedt,T. Co-treatment with riluzole and GDNF is necessary for functional recovery after ventral root avulsion injury. Experimental Neurology 2004; 187(-2-):359-366. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor, isr-met human; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received no treatment to contralateral side.

P6630 King,V.R., Phillips,J.B., Brown,R.A., Priestley,J.V. The effects of treatment with antibodies to transforming growth factor beta 1 and beta 2 following spinal cord damage in the adult rat. Neuroscience 2004; 126(-1-):173-183. >>> Antibody, anti-TGF-beta 1; antibody, anti-TGF-beta 2; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1007D; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of fibronectin mats vs. mp; brain tissue distribution; TGF is transforming growth factor; FN mats and mp "showed a similar pattern of results." (p. 175).

P6629 Davies,J.E, Tang,X, Dennis,J.W., Archibald,S.J., Davies,S.J.A  European Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 19(--):1226-1242. >>> Decorin, recomb. human; PBS; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (spinal lesion); enzyme inhibitor (tyrosine kinase); decorin is known to inhibit TGF beta and is an antagonist to EGF receptor tyrosine kinase.

P6574 Wen,Z.H., Chang,Y.C., Cherng,C.H., Wang,J.J., Tao,P.L., Wong,C.S. Increasing of intrathecal CSF excitatory amino acids concentration following morphine challenge in morphine-tolerant rats. Brain Research 2004; 995(-2-):253-259. >>> Morphine; MK-801; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; tolerance.

P6562 Yamanaka,H., Obata,K., Fukuoka,T., Dai,Y., Kobayashi,K., Tokunaga,A., Noguchi,K. Tissue plasminogen activator in primary afferents induces dorsal horn excitability and pain response after peripheral nerve injury. European Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 19(-1-):93-102. >>> Tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2002; 1,2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (p.100); inhibitor is a tPA-STOP {2,7-bis-(4-amidinobenzylidene)-cycloheptan-1-one dihydrochloride salt}.

P6538 Grimpe,B., Silver,J. A novel DNA enzyme reduces glycosaminoglycan chains in the glial scar and allows microtransplanted dorsal root ganglia axons to regenerate beyond lesions in the spinal cord. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-6-):1393-1397. >>> Oligodeoxyribonucleotide, phosphorothioated; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ control DNA enzyme; antisense (xylosyltransferase-1); spinal cord injury; PE-60 tubing connected to PE-10 tubing for IT delivery; DNA enzyme against xylosyltransferase-1 (XT-1).

P6503 Sivasankaran,R., Pei,J., Wang,K.C., Zhang,Y.P., Shields,C.B., Xu,X.M., He,Z.G. PKC mediates inhibitory effects of myelin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on axonal regeneration. Nature Neuroscience 2004; 7(-3-):261-268. >>> GO-6976; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (protein kinase C).

P6451 Seki,S., Sasaki,K., Igawa,Y., Nishizawa,O., Chancellor,M.B., De Groat,W.C., Yoshimura,N. Suppression of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia by immunoneutralization of nerve growth factor in lumbosacral spinal cord in spinal cord injured rats. Journal of Urology 2004; 171(-1-):478-482. >>> Antibody, anti-nerve growth factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; spinal cord injury; PE-10 used for catheterization.

P6407 Wu,Y., Willcockson,H.H., Maixner,W., Light,A.R. Suramin inhibits spinal cord microglia activation and long-term hyperalgesia induced by formalin injection. JOURNAL OF PAIN 2004; 5(-1-):48-55. >>> Suramin; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 3,6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; polyurethane catheter used (Recathco) with a removable guide wire; 3 day recovery period by infusing saline; catheter placement verified by injecting dye through the catheter after the infusion was complete; behavioral study.

P6347 Kim,D.H., Jahng,T.A. Continuous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) infusion after methylprednisolone treatment in severe spinal cord injury. Journal of Korean Medical Science 2004; 19(-1-):113-122. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2004; 6 weeks; ALZET brain infusion kit; spinal cord injury; behavorial study.

P6266 Harper,J.M., Krishnan,C., Darman,J.S., Deshpande,D.M., Peck,S., Shats,I., Backovic,S., Rothstein,J.D., Kerr,D.A. Axonal growth of embryonic stem cell-derived motoneurons in vitro and in motoneuron-injured adult rats. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2004; 101(-18-):7123-7128. >>> PBS; Y-27632; dcbAMP; CSF; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Transplantation of cells.

P5995 Dorn,G., Patel,S., Wotherspoon,G., Hemmings-Mieszczak,M., Barclay,J., Natt,F.J.C., Martin,P., Bevan,S., Fox,A., Ganju,P., Wishart,W., Hall,J. siRNA relieves chronic neuropathic pain. NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 2004; 32(-5-):1-6. >>> RNA, small interfering; oligonucleotide, antisense; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 6-7 days; Controls received mp w/ missense siRNA; no stress (see pg. 4); antisense (P2X3); gene therapy; siRNA (P2X3); pain research.

P6701 Rhodes,K.E., Moon,L.D.F., Fawcett,J.W. Inhibiting cell proliferation during formation of the glial scar: Effects on axon regeneration in the CNS. Neuroscience 2003; 120(-1-):41-56. >>> Ara-C; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (medial forebrain); CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; good methods (P.42); ALZET brain infusion kit used; post op. care (heated recovery box; paracetamol).

P6598 Roonprapunt,C., Huang,W.C., Grill,R., Friedlander,D., Grumet,M., Chen,S.H., Schachner,M., Young,W. Soluble cell adhesion molecule L1-Fc promotes locomotor recovery in rats after spinal cord injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 2003; 20(-9-):871-882. >>> Immunoglobin, L1-Fc chimera; antibody, monoclonal, mouse IgM; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or mouse IgM Ab; no stress (see pg.876); stress/adverse reaction: (see pg.876) "One rat died in each group during the planned 12 week observation period."; immunology; brain tissue distribution; the chimera construct includes the extracellular domain of mouse L1 fused to the human Fc (hinge, CH2-CH3 region) and inserted into a PEE-14 vector (p. 872).

P6506 Nagano,M., Sakai,A., Takahashi,N., Umino,M., Yoshioka,K., Suzuki,H. Decreased expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in rat models of neuropathic pain. British Journal of Pharmacology 2003; 140(-7-):1252-1260. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 9 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (spinal nerve ligation axotomy); post op. care (IP kanamycin sulfate).

P6502 Imbe,H., Okamoto,K., Kadoya,T., Horie,H., Senba,E. Galectin-1 is involved in the potentiation of neuropathic pain in the dorsal horn. Brain Research 2003; 993(-1-2-):72-83. >>> Antibody, anti-galectin-1, recomb. human; immunoglobulin G, rabbit; CSF/CNS (Intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2002; 11 days; Controls received mp w/ rabbit IgG ab; "Intrathecal administration of anti-rhGAL-1 Ab significantly reduced mechanical hypersensitivity on the ipsilateral side at 3, 7, 10 days after SNI operation compared to that of control Ab." (p. 78).

P6343 Wang,R., Guo,W., Ossipov,M.H., Vanderah,T.W., Porreca,F., Lai,J. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor normalized neurochemical chances in injured dorsal root ganglion neurons and prevents the expression of experimental neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2003; 121(-3-):815-824. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; Saline; albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; spinal nerve ligation injury.

P6294 Schafers,M., Svensson,C.I., Sommer,C., Sorkin,L.S. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Induces Mechanical Allodynia after Spinal Nerve Ligation by Activation of p38 MAPK in Primary Sensory Neurons. The Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-7-):2517-2521. >>> SB203580; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; p38 inhibitor.

P6223 Dunbar,S.A., Karamian,I.G. Cross-tolerance between spinal neostigmine and morphine in the rat. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2003; 91(-3-):427-429. >>> Morphine sulfate; neostigmine methysulfate; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; tolerance.

P6182 Li,L., Xu,Q., Wu,Y., Hu,W., Gu,P., Fu,Z. Combined therapy of methylprednisolone and brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. Chin Med.J.(Engl.) 2003; 116(-3-):414-418. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2ML2; 1, 3, 7 days; 6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; 6ul/hr pump used.

P6100 Feeney,S.J., Austin,L., Bennett,T.M., Kurek,J.B., Jean-Francois,M.J.B., Muldoon,C., Byrne,E. The effect of leukaemia inhibitory factor on SOD1 G93A murine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cytokine 2003; 23(-4-5-):108-118. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Mice (transgenic); 2004; 13 weeks; Comparison of SC injections vs. IT mp; long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks; ALZET brain infusion kit 1 used (per Dr. Feeney); used the BIK for the IT infusion; glued and sutured the cannula in place; "All mice that entered the study recovered from the surgical procedure and appeared to have no adverse effects." (p. 111); neurodegenerative (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis).

P6097 Netzer,W.J., Dou,F., Cai,D.M., Veach,D., Jean,S., Li,Y.M., Bornamann,W.G., Clarkson,B., Xu,H.X., Greengard,P. Gleevec inhibits beta-amyloid production but not Notch cleavage. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2003; 100(-21-):12444-12449. >>> Imatinib mesylate; Inhibitor 2; Saline; DMSO; CSF/CNS (Intrathecal); Guinea-pig (albino); 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (abl kinase); agent formerly known as STI571 (gleevec) is an abl kinase inhibitor (dissolved in saline); inhibitor 2 was dissolved in DMSO; "it has been shown that STI571 does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier efficiently, we therefore delivered (p. 12447) each inhibitor intrathecally over 7 days by means of implanted osmotic minipumps."; neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease).

P6075 Cahill,C.M., Dray,A., Coderre,T.J. Intrathecal nerve growth factor restores opioid effectiveness in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Neuropharmacology 2003; 45(-4-):543-552. >>> Nerve growth factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; IT catheter was PE-10 to PE-60; behavioral testing.

P6063 Horiuchi,D., Ogata,T., Morino,T., Chuai,M., Yamamoto,H. Continuous intrathecal infusion of SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, reduces the damage of hindlimb function after thoracic spinal cord injury in rat. NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 2003; 47(-2-):209-217. >>> SB203580; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (P38-MAPK); pump infusion schematic (p. 210).

P5860 Schmitt,T.K., Mousa,S.A., Brack,A., Schmidt,D.K., Rittner,H.L., Welte,M., Schafer,M., Stein,C. Modulation of peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia by central afferent blockade. Anesthesiology 2003; 98(-1-):195-202. >>> Morphine, HCL; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2ML1; 6, 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; analgesia; 4 day recovery; correct placement of I.T. catheter was tested by an injection of 10 ul lidocaine.

P5717 Lin,C.R., Yang,L.C., You,H.L., Lee,C.T., Tai,M.H., Tan,P.H., Lin,M.W., Cheng,J.T. Antinociceptive potentiation and attenuation of tolerance by intrathecal electric stimulation in rats. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2003; 96(-6-):1711-1716. >>> Morphine; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 1713) 10 animals excluded from study, 5 due to implantation failure, 3 due to pump failure, 2 due to infection; dependence; PE-10 joined to PE-20, which was joined to PE-60.

P5658 Ibuki,T., Marsala,M., Masuyama,T., Yaksh,T.L. Spinal amino acid release and repeated withdrawal in spinal morphine tolerant rats. British Journal of Pharmacology 2003; 138(-4-):689-697. >>> Morphine; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; tolerance..

P5652 Nagano,I., Murakami,T., Shiote,M., Abe,K., Itoyama,Y. Ventral root avulsion leads to downregulation of GluR2 subunit in spinal motoneurons in adult rats. Neuroscience 2003; 117(-1-):139-146. >>> MK-801; AP5, D-, NBQX; CNQX; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Glutamate receptor antagonists; MK-801&AP5 are NMDA recept. antag.; NBQX&CNQX are AMPA recept. antag..

P5616 Wen,Z.H., Guo,Y.W., Chang,Y.C., Wong,C.S. D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid inhibits intrathecal pertussis toxin-induced thermal hyperalgesia and protein kinase C gamma up-regulation. Brain Research 2003; 963(-1-2-):1-7. >>> AP5, D-; Saline; CSF/CNS (Intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 6 days; (D-AP5) is D-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid..

P5614 Obata,K., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Tachibana,T., Fukuoka,T., Tokunaga,A., Yoshikawa,H., Noguchi,K. Differential activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase in primary afferent neurons regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression after peripheral inflammation and nerve injury. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-10-):4117-4126. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor; Nerve growth factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); rat; 3 or 7 days; controls received mp with vehicle; peptides; some animals received both agents infused simultaneously by the same pump; delivery was to the lumbar enlargement.

P5578 Fundytus,M.E., Osborne,M.G., Henry,J.L., Coderre,T.J., Dray,A. Antisense oligonucleotide knockdown of mGluR(1) alleviates hyperalgesia and allodynia associated with chronic inflammation. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2002; 73(-2-):401-410. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp with missense oligonucleotide or vehicle; antisense; lumbar approach chosen to minimize trauma from catheter insertion, which the authors felt allowed for pump implantation during the same surgery.

P5503 Zhu,B., Luo,L.Q., Chen,Y.L., Paty,D.W., Cynader,M.S. Intrathecal Fas ligand infusion strengthens immunoprivilege of central nervous system and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Immunology 2002; 169(-3-):1561-1569. >>> Fas Ligand, recomb; CSF, artificial; gentamicin; albumin, rat; aprotinin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1003D; 2002; ; 2002 pumps replaced w/ 1003D pumps after 7 days; immunology; 2002 pumps used to infuse vehicle for the first 7 days; then 1003D used to infuse rFasL for 3 days; aprotonin (trypsin inhibitory unit) infused to inhibit rFasL degradation.

P5494 Hirata,A., Masaki,T., Motoyoshi,K., Kamakura,K. Intrathecal administration of nerve growth factor delays GAP 43 expression and early phase regeneration of adult rat peripheral nerve. Brain Research 2002; 944(-1-2-):146-156. >>> Nerve growth factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 3-11days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides.

P5487 Honore,P., Kage,K., Mikusa,J., Watt,A.T., Johnston,J.F., Wyatt,J.R., Faltynek,C.R., Jarvis,M.F., Lynch,K. Analgesic profile of intrathecal P2X3 antisense oligonucleotide treatment in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain states in rats. Pain 2002; 99(-1-2-):11-19. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Water, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Comparison of single bolus injections vs mp.

P5483 Hua,X.Y., Moore,A., Malkmus,S., Murray,S.F., Dean,N., Yaksh,T.L., Butler,M. Inhibition of spinal protein kinase C alpha expression by an antisense oligonucleotide attenuates morphine infusion-induced tolerance. Neuroscience 2002; 113(-1-):99-107. >>> Morphine; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 5 days; Tolerance; double lumen catheter used.

P5472 Sharif,R.N., Osborne,M., Coderre,T.J., Fundytus,M.E. Attenuation of morphine tolerance after antisense oligonucleotide knock-down of spinal mGluR1. British Journal of Pharmacology 2002; 136(-6-):865-872. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, missense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; antisense; oligonuceltides had specificity to metabotropic glutamate receptor.

P5469 Seki,S., Sasaki,K., Fraser,M.O., Igawa,Y., Nishizawa,O., Chancellor,M.B., De Groat,W.C., Yoshimura,N. Immunoneutralization of nerve growth factor in the lumbosacral spinal cord reduces bladder hyperreflexia in spinal cord injured rats. Journal of Urology 2002; 168(-5-):2269-2274. >>> Antibody, anti-nerve growth factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 11-14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides.

P5467 Novikova,L.N., Novikov,L.N., Kellerth,J.O. Differential effects of neurotrophins on neuronal survival and axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in adult rats. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2002; 452(-3-):255-263. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NT-3; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 or 5-8 weeks; Peptides.

P5425 Yaksh,T.L., Scott,B., LeBel,C.L. Effects of continuous lumbar intrathecal infusion of leptin in rats on weight regulation. Neuroscience 2002; 110(-4-):703-710. >>> Leptin; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 703); peptides; recomb. murine leptin used.

P5395 Karchewski,L.A., Gratto,K.A., Wetmore,C., Verge,V.M.K. Dynamic patterns of BDNF expression in injured sensory neurons: differential modulation by NGF and NT-3. European Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 16(-8-):1449-1462. >>> Nerve growth factor; NT-3; PBS; albumin, rat serum; streptomycin; penicillin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 7 days; Mouse B-NGF and human recomb. NT-3 used.

P5348 Macdonald,R.L., Zhang,Z.D., Curry,D., Elas,M., Aihara,Y., Halpern,H., Jahromi,B.S., Johns,L. Intracisternal sodium nitroprusside fails to prevent vasospasm in nonhuman primates. Neurosurgery 2002; 51(-3-):761-768. >>> Nitroprusside, sodium; Dextrose; water; CSF/CNS (subarachnoid, intrathecal); Monkey (cynomolgus); 7 days; Multiple pumps per animal (2); pumps connected to fenestrated catheter tubing placed between the right cerebral arteries and alongside a subarachnoid clot; drug stable for 7 days at 37C.

P5335 Pezet,S., Cunningham,J., Patel,J., Grist,J., Gavazzi,I., Lever,I.J., Malcangio,M. BDNF modulates sensory neuron synaptic activity by a facilitation of GABA transmission in the dorsal horn. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE 2002; 21(-1-):51-62. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Saline; albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2 weeks; Peptides.

P5307 Fang,L., Wu,J., Lin,Q., Willis,W.D. Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II contributes to spinal cord central sensitization. J Neurosci. 2002/5/15; 22(-10-):4196-4204. >>> KN-92; KN-93; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor; KN-93 is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor; 5-day recovery period.

P5269 Qiu,J., Cai,D., Dai,H., McAtee,M., Hoffman,P.N., Bregman,B.S., Filbin,M.T. Spinal axon regeneration induced by elevation of cyclic AMP. Neuron 2002/6/13; 34(-6-):895-903. >>> H89; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 1 week stability verified (results not shown); enzyme inhibitor; H89 is a protein kinase A inhibitor.

P5268 Novikov,L.N., Novikova,L.N., Mosahebi,A., Wiberg,M., Terenghi,G., Kellerth,J.O. A novel biodegradable implant for neuronal rescue and regeneration after spinal cord injury. Biomaterials 2002/8; 23(-16-):3369-3376. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NT-3; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 8 weeks; Pumps replaced after 2 weeks; peptides; neurotrophin infusion w/ mp compared to biodegradable graft implants containing novel compounds; recomb. human BDNF used.

P5220 Kojima,A., Tator,C.H. Intrathecal administration of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes ependymal proliferation and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in adult rats. J Neurotrauma 2002/2; 19(-2-):223-238. >>> Epidermal growth factor; Fibroblast growth factor 2; Albumin, rat serum; Gentamicin sulfate; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 3 or 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; good methods (p. 224); lynch coil used; pump filled w/ saline; mineral oil spacer used to separate saline in pump from agent solution in catheter; agents infused separatedly or concomittantly in the same pump;.

P5218 Ikeda,O., Murakami,M., Ino,H., Yamazaki,M., Koda,M., Nakayama,C., Moriya,H. Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on compression- induced spinal cord injury: BDNF attenuates down-regulation of superoxide dismutase expression and promotes up-regulation of myelin basic protein expression. J Neuropathol.Exp.Neurol. 2002/2; 61(-2-):142-153. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; recomb. human BDNF used.

P5199 Homma,Y., Brull,S.J., Zhang,J.M. A comparison of chronic pain behavior following local application of tumor necrosis factor alpha to the normal and mechanically compressed lumbar ganglia in the rat. Pain 2002/2; 95(-3-):239-246. >>> Tumor Necrosis Factor-a; Tumor Necrosis Factor-a, soluble receptor; HEPES, buffered saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; silicon tubing used to perfuse L5 region dorsal root ganglion; good graphics (p.240); recomb. soluble TNF-a receptor.

P5162 Tatagiba,M., Rosahl,S., Gharabaghi,A., Blomer,U., Brandis,A., Skerra,A., Samii,M., Schwab,M.E. Regeneration of auditory nerve following complete sectioning, and intrathecal application of the IN-1 antibody. Acta Neurochirurgica 2002; 144(--):181-187. >>> Antibody, monoclonal IN-1 Fab fragment; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2001; 1 week; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual aspiration; peptides; mouse IgG used as control antibody; photos of pump and animal with implanted pump (p. 184).

P5125 Sayer,F.T., Oudega,M., Hagg,T. Neurotrophins reduce degeneration of injured ascending sensory and corticospinal motor axons in adult rat spinal cord. Experimental Neurology 2002; 175(--):282-296. >>> NT-3; PBS; Dye, toluidine blue; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2002; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IT injections vs. mp; pulsed delivery; peptides; pump partially coated w/ paraffin to reduce release rate to 0.2 ul/hr; Lynch coil used to separate agent from dye for verifying cannula patency (p. 285); diagram of pump, catheter and infusion location (p. 284); pump filled with dye vehicle, tubing filled with vehicle or NT-3, mineral oil spacer separated solution in pump from solution in catheter.

P5091 Southall,M.D., Bolyard,L.A., Vasko,M.R. Twenty-four hour exposure to prostaglandin downregulates prostanoid receptor binding but does not alter PGE(2)-mediated sensitization of rat sensory neurons. Pain 2002; 96(--):285-296. >>> Ketorolac tromethamine; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2001; 48 hours; controls received mp w/ vehicle; ketorolac is an NSAID sold as Toradol; cannula patency verfied by saline injection.

P5071 GrandPre,T., Li,S.X., Strittmatter,S.M. Nogo-66 receptor antagonist peptide promotes axonal regeneration. Nature 2002; 417(--):547-551. >>> NEP 1-40; PBS; DMSO; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2004; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; vehicle included 2.5% DMSO; NEP 1-40 is a Nogo-66 (1-40) antagonist peptide.

P8218 Luo,Z.D., Chaplan,S.R., Higuera,E.S., Sorkin,L.S., Stauderman,K.A., Williams,M.E., Yaksh,T.L. Upregulation of dorsal root ganglion alpha 2 delta calcium channel subunit and its correlation with allodynia in spinal nerve-injured rats. J.Neurosci. 2001/3/15; 21(-6-):1868-1875. >>> Gabapentin; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); peptides; animal info (male, harlan Sprague-Dawley, 100-150 grams); spinal nerve ligation; unilateral dorsal rhizotomy; sciatic nerve crush.

P6311 Coumans,J.V., Lin,T.T-S., Dai,H.N., Macarthur,L., McAtee,M., Nash,C., Bregman,B.S. Axonal Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Complete Spinal Cord Transection in Rats by Delayed Treatment with Transplants and Neurotropins. The Journal of Neuroscience 2001; 21(-23-):9334-9344. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, human recomb.; NT-3, human recomb.; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; tissue perfusion (fetal spinal cord transplant tissue); good methods p.9335; post op. care (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim).

P5858 Ramer,M.S., Bradbury,E.J., McMahon,S.B. Nerve growth factor induces P2X(3) expression in sensory neurons. J Neurochem 2001; 77(-3-):864-875. >>> Nerve growth factor; Glial-derived neurotrophic factor; Saline; rat serum; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 1 week; Peptides.

P5845 Akkina,S.K., Patterson,C.L., Wright,D.E. GDNF rescues nonpeptidergic unmyelinated primary afferents in streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice. Exp Neurol 2001; 167(-1-):173-182. >>> Nerve growth factor; Glial-derived neurotrophic factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of intrathecal injections vs. mp; stress/adverse reaction (see pg. 178, surgical complications); peptides; PE-10 attached to PE-60 tubing; catheter placement verified at sacrifice.

P5027 Liu,H.X., Brumovsky,P., Schmidt,R., Brown,W., Payza,K., Hodzic,L., Pou,C., Godbout,C., Hokefelt,T. Receptor subtype-specific pronociceptive and analgesic actions of galanin in the spinal cord: Selective actions via GalR1 and GalR2 receptors. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2001; 98(-17-):9960-9964. >>> Galanin; AR-M1896; AR-M1961;; Saline; Albumin, rat serum; Ampicillin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2002; 14 days; peptides; galanin is a 29-aa neuropeptide with a role in pain processing; dissolved in rat serum albumin vehicle; Ampicillin dissolved in saline; AR-M1896 and AR-M961 are Gal R1 and R2 receptor agonists; catheter location examined by lidocaine injection to verify receptor blockade.

P4984 Nesic,O., Xu,G.Y., McAdoo,D., High,K.W., Hulsebosch,C., Perez-Polo,R. IL-1 receptor antagonist prevents apoptosis and caspase-3 activation after spinal cord injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 2001; 18(-9-):947-956. >>> Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, recombinant mouse; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 1003D; ; controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (spinal cord T8 injury site); functionality of mp verified by ELISA IL-1 detection assay, IL-1 mRNA levels; dose response (fig 1. p. 951); peptides; PE-60 catheter tubing used.

P4940 Jones,L.L., Tuszynski,M.H. Chronic intrathecal infusions after spinal cord injury cause scarring and compression. MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE 2001; 54(--):317-324. >>> Dye, Evans Blue; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 5 or 12 days; controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by infusion of dye; pumps replaced after 5 of 12 days of infusion with fresh pumps filled with Evans Blue dye; dye infusion was for 2 days; catheter patency verified by infusion of Evans Blue dye; spinal cord injury; PE-10 was connected to PE-60 tubing..

P4937 Cafferty,W.B.J., Gardiner,N.J., Gavazzi,I., Powell,J., McMahon,S.B., Heath,J.K., Munson,J., Cohen,J., Thompson,S.W.N. Leukemia inhibitory factor determines the growth status of injured adult sensory neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 2001; 21(-18-):7161-7170. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, Dorsal Root Ganglia); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; brain tissue distribution; recombinant human LIF used; some animals had undergone nerve injury axotomy on either the tibial or sciatic nerves, other remained uninjured.

P4894 Ibrahim,M.M., Mata,H.P., Chawla,M., Lai,J., Porreca,F., Malan,TP Jr  JOURNAL OF PAIN 2001; 2(-4-):241-249. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Oligonucleotide, mismatch; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 6 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by immunocytochemistry of ODN-delivered cells; antisense ODN delivered was for mRNA of c-fos, a cellular transcription factor implicated in neuronal activity surrounding nociception..

P4887 Issa,P.C., Lever,I.J., Michael,G.J., Bradbury,E.J., Malcangio,M. Intrathecally delivered glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor produces electrically evoked release of somatostatin in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Journal of Neurochemistry 2001; 78(--):221-229. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor, recombinant human; Saline; Albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2001; 11-13 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; vehicle was saline w/ 0.1% rat serum albumin; neuroprotection; no mention of pump replacement for 11-13 day delivery..

P4857 Wallin,H.J., Danielsen,N., Johnston,J.M., Gratto,K.A., Karchewski,L.A., Verge,V.M.K. Exogenous NT-3 and NGF differentially modulate PACAP expression in adult sensory neurons, suggesting distinct roles in injury and inflammation. European Journal of Neuroscience 2001; 14(--):267-282. >>> Nerve growth factor; NT-3; PBS; Rat serum albumin; Streptomycin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (lumbosacral junction); peptides; Vehicle contained PBS, RSA (1mg/ml), streptomycin (100ug/ml); mouse B-NGF used..

P4786 Zhang,J.-M., Homma,Y., Ackerman,W.E., Brull,S.J. Topical application of acidic bupivacaine to the lumbar ganglion induces mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat.. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2001; 93(--):466-471. >>> HEPES buffer; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Comparison of spinal injections vs. mp with HEPES; schematic drawing of pump implantation site (p. 467).

P5844 Zhang,J-M, Li,H., Brull,S.J. Perfusion of the mechanically compressed lumbar ganglion with lidocaine reduces mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia in the rat. J Neurophysiol 2000; 84(-2-):798-805. >>> Lidocaine; Saline; heparin; dye, evans blue; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, dorsal, root ganglia); Rat; 2001D; 2001; 7 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (dorsal root ganglia); functionality of mp verified by Evans blue dye assessment of DRG; diagram of pump and DRG infusion location (p.799); silicon catheter tubing filled w/ 10ul of heparin followed by 5 ul of Evan's blue dye; "the implanted pumps offered an advantageous alternative to repeated injections. During drug delivery, no external connection was required, and rats were untethered and unrestrained, thereby minimizing animal handling stress" (p.799).

P5538 Oudega,M., Rosano,C., Sadi,D., Wood,P.M., Schwab,M.E., Hagg,T. Neutralizing antibodies against neurite growth inhibitor NI-35/250 do not promote regeneration of sensory axons in the adult rat spinal cord. Neuroscience 2000; 100(-4-):873-883. >>> Nerve growth factor-beta; PBS; albumin, rat serum; gentamycin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Lynch coil technique; solution loaded into coil reservoir and separated from a blue colored fluid in pump by mineral oil; flow rate reduced by half by partial coating of pump w/ paraffin; cannula patency confirmed by movement of blue-colored fluid into the coiled tubing.

P5103 Oudega,M, Rosano,C, Sadi,D, Wood,P.M., Schwab,M.E., Hagg,T. Neutralizing antibodies against neurite growh inhibitor NI-35/250 do not promote regeneration of sensory axons in the adult rat spinal cord. Neuroscience 2000; 100(-4-):873-883. >>> Dantrolene; Nerve growth factor, B-; PBS; Albumin, rat serum; Gentamicin; CSF/CNS (dorsal spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by noting advance of colored fluid in catheter (p. 875); peptides; pumps coated with paraffin to reduce flow rate to 0.2 ul/hr; Lynch coil used; infusion solutions and blue-colored pump fluid separated by oil spacer; patency of device confirmed by passage of blue fluid into coils.

P4769 Ramer,M.S, Priestley,J.V., McMahon,S.B. Functional regeneration of sensory axons into the adult spinal cord.. Nature 2000; 403(--):312-316. >>> Nerve growth factor; NT-3; Brain- derived neurotrophic factor; Glial-derived neurotrophic factor;; Albumin, rat serum; Saline, sterile;; CSF/CNS (intrathecal);; rat;; 7 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; rats had received complete crush injuries of 2-3 cervical dorsal roots (rhizotomized);.

P4734 Brosamle,C, Huber,A.B, Fiedler,M, Skerra,A, Schwab,M.E  The Journal of Neuroscience 2000; 20(-21-):8061-8068. >>> Antibody, monoclonal IN-1 - Fab fragment; Antibody, monoclonal mutant IN-1 - Fab fragment;; BSA;; CSF/CNS (intrathecal);; rat;; 2002;; 14 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; immunology; peptides;.

P4677 Rabchevsky,A.G, Fugaccia,I, Turner,A.F, Blades,D.A, Mattson,M.P, Scheff,S.W  Experimental Neurology 2000; 164(--):280-291. >>> Fibroblast growth factor, basic; Saline; BSA; CSF/CNS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; good surgical methods (p. 281-282); peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; multiple pumps per animal (2) used simultaneously (one for ICV infusion and one for intrathecal infusion); schematic representation of pump infusion on p. 281; beveled PE10 tubing interfaced with PE50 tubing used for intrathecal infusion;.

P4653 Dunbar,S.A., Karamov,I.G, Buerkle,H  Anesth.Analg. 2000; 91(--):417-422. >>> Morphine sulfate;; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal);; rat;; 2001;; 5 days;; Controls received mp w/ saline; dependence; detailed description of catheter preparation and surgical implantation (pgs. 417-418)..

P5231 Oudega,M., Hagg,T. Neurotrophins promote regeneration of sensory axons in the adult rat spinal cord. Brain Res 1999/2/13; 818(-2-):431-438. >>> Nerve growth factor; NT-3; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; PBS; Albumin, rat serum; Gentamicin; CSF/CNS (dorsal spinal cord, intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; Schematic representation of spinal cord infusion model (p.432); agents infused separatedly or concomitantly in the same pump;.

P4362 Lee,T.T., Green,B.A., Dietrich,W.D., Yezierski,R.P. Neuroprotective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor following spinal cord contusion injury in the rat. Journal of Neurotrauma 1999; 16(-5-):347-356. >>> Interleukin-1; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Fibroblast growth factor, basic; Nerve growth factor; Ciliary neurotrophic factor;; Water; PBS; BSA; CHAPS;; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal);; rat;; 2001;; 7 days;; controls received mp with vehicle; tissue perfusion (injury site); good methods; peptides; 1:10 dilutional effect of CSF confirmed by dye study; PE10/50 tubing used with pump and 30 gauge needle to deliver drugs through small dural plial opening;.

P6326 Jakeman,L.B., Wei,P., Guan,Z., Stokes,B.T. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Stimulates Hindlimb Stepping and Sprouting of Cholinergic Fibers after Spinal Cord Injury. Experimental Neurology 1998; 154(--):170-184. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; PBS; serum, rat; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or injury only; pumps replaced at day 14; good methods p.171; post op. care (gentamycin); mp replaced at day 14 to ensure biological efficacy of BDNF at body temp..

P5565 Young,M.R., Blackburn-Munro,G., Dickinson,T., Johnson,M.J., Anderson,H., Nakalembe,I., Fleetwood-Walker,S.M. Antisense ablation of type I metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 inhibits spinal nociceptive transmission. The Journal of Neuroscience 1998; 18(-23-):10180-10188. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified and cannula position verified by immunohistochemistry; good methods p. 10181; antisense ODN's had specificity to the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1).

P4327 Bennett,D.L.H., Michael,G.J., Ramachandran,N., Munson,J.B., Averill,S., Yan,Q., McMahon,S.B., Priestley,J.V. A distinct subgroup of small DRG cells express GDNF receptor components and GDNF is protective for these neurons after nerve injury. Journal of Neuroscience 1998; 18(-8-):3059-3072. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor; Nerve growth factor;; Saline; Albumin, rat serum;; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal);; rat;; 2002;; ; controls received mp with vehicle; peptides; recomb. human GDNF and NGF used; pain; silastic tubing used for IT delivery;.

P4174 Ness,T.J., Follett,K.A. The development of tolerance to intrathecal morphine in rat models of visceral and cutaneous pain. Neurosci.Lett. 1998; 248(--):33-36. >>> Morphine sulfate; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 6 days; controls received mp w/saline; tolerance.

P4133 Bradbury,E.J., King,V.R., Simmons,L.J., Priestley,J.V., McMahon,S.B. NT-3, but not BDNF, prevents atrophy and death of axotomized spinal cord projection neurons. Eur.J.Neurosci. 1998; 10(--):3058-3068. >>> NT-3; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Saline; Albumin; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2004; no duration posted; controls received mp w/vehicle; flexible silastic tubing used; peptides; human recomb. NT-3 and BDNF used.

P3958 Dunbar,S.A., Pulai,I.J. Repetitive opioid abstinence causes progressive hyperalgesia sensitive to n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor blockade in the rat. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1998; 284(-2-):678-686. >>> Morphine sulfate; MK-801; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2002; 8 days; controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by in vivo and in vitro assays; pulsed delivery (air used as spacer in Lynch coil); no stress (see pg. 681); good methods (pg. 679); tolerance.

P3913 Shibayama,M., Hattori,S., Himes,B.T., Murray,M., Tessler,A. Neurotrophin-3 prevents death of axotomized Clarke's nucleus neurons in adult rat. J.Comp.Neurol. 1998; 390(--):102-111. >>> NT-3; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2ML4; 2 months; controls received mp w/PBS; functionality of mp verified by aspirating residual volume; comparison of gel foam vs. mp; long-term study, pumps replaced after 4 weeks; stability verified by bioactivity assay; peptides.

P3005 Zhang,R.X., Ruda,M.A., Qiao,J.T. Pre-emptive intrathecal Mk-801, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, inhibits the up-regulation of spinal dynorphin mRNA and hyperalgesia in a rat model of chronic inflammation. Neurosci Lett 1998; 241(-1-):57-60. >>> MK-801; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; NMDA receptor antagonist.

P4325 Dunbar,S.A., Yaksh,T.L. Spinal infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK801 induces hypersensitivity to the spinal Alpha-2 agonist ST91 in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1997; 281(-3-):1219-1225. >>> MK-801; Enkaphalin analog ST-91; Saline, sterile normal;; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal);; rat;; 2001;; 7 days;; controls received mp with vehicle; no stress (see pg. 1221); tolerance; agents infused singly and concomitantly; pain; PE-10 tubing externalized through the top of the skull to allow discontinuation of infusion, and conduit for external drug dosing;.

P4267 Michael,G.J., Averill,S., Nitkunan,A., Rattray,M., Bennett,D.L.H., Yan,Q., Priestley,J.V. Nerve growth factor treatment increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor selectively in TrkA-expressing dorsal root ganglion cells and in their central terminations within the spinal cord. Journal of Neuroscience 1997/11/1; 17(-21-):8476-8490. >>> Nerve growth factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 1-2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; recomb. human-NGF used, silastic tubing used;.

P4173 Tsang,B.K., He,Z., Wongchanapai,W., Coleman,E.C., Ho,I.-K., Eichhorn,J.H. Induction of tolerance to intrathecal butorphanol in rats. Acta Anesthesiol.Sin. 1997; 35(--):237-240. >>> Butorphanol; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 96 hours; controls received mp w/saline; dose-response (p. 238); tolerance.

P3951 Nakamura,R., Kamakura,K., Hirata,A., Kwak,S. Concentration-dependent changes in motor behavior produced by continuous intrathecal infusion of excitatory amino acids in the rat spinal cord. Brain Res.Protocols 1997; 1(--):385-390. >>> AMPA; CNQX; APV; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; ; very good surgical methods (p. 387); excitatory amino acid; PE-60 and PE-10 catheter tubing used; AMPA infused alone or concomitantly with CNQX or APV.

P3908 Hirata,A., Nakamura,R., Kwak,S., Nagata,N., Kamakura,K. AMPA receptor-mediated slow neuronal death in the rat spinal cord induced by long-term blockade of glutamate transporters with THA. Brain Research 1997; 771(--):37-44. >>> Aspartic acid, dl-threo-B-hydroxy; Glutamate, l-; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS (subarachnoid space, intrathecal); rat; 2ML1; no duration posted; dose-response; cannula position verified.

P3898 Mori,T., Asano,T., Nagata,K., Ishida,T., Abe,T. An improved canine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage using intrathecal indwelling catheters. J.Vet.Med.Sci. 1997; 59(-9-):825-828. >>> Dye, toluidine blue; Saline; CSF/CNS (subarachnoid space, intrathecal); dog; 2ML1; 7 days; no stress (see pg. 826); controls received mp w/saline; comparison of injections vs. mp; brain tissue distribution.

P3830 White,D. Intrathecal neuropeptide Y exacerbates nerve injury-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Brain Research 1997; 750(--):141-146. >>> Neuropeptide Y; Trinositol, a-; Saline; Heparin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 14 days; no comment posted.

P3790 Ibuki,T., Dunbar,S.A., Yaksh,T.L. Effect of transient naloxone antagonism on tolerance development in rats receiving continuous spinal morphine infusion. Pain 1997; 70(--):125-132. >>> Morphine sulfate; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/saline; no stress (see pg. 129); tolerance.

P3474 Gold,B.G. Axonal regeneration of sensory nerves is delayed by continuous intrathecal infusion of nerve growth factor. Neuroscience 1997; 76(-4-):1153-1158. >>> Nerve growth factor; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 7, 10 days; controls received mp w/ cytochrome C; peptides.

P3481 Tao,P.-L., Wong,C.-S., Lin,M.-C. Chronic intrathecal morphine treatment does not cause down-regulation of spinal adenosine A(1) receptors in rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1996; 354(--):187-191. >>> Morphine; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 2, 4 days; comparison of IT injections vs. mp.

P3473 Cohen,T.I., Weinberg,R.J., Blight,A.R. Intrathecal infusion of the Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor N-methyl L-arginine after experimental spinal cord injury in guinea pigs. J.Neurotrauma 1996; 13(-7-):361-369. >>> L-NMMA; D-NMMA; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); guinea-pig; 2001; no duration posted; no comment posted.

P3463 Wojcik,W.J., Swoveland,P., Zhang,X., Vanguri,P. Chronic intrathecal infusion of phosphorothioate or phosphodiester antisense oligonucleotides against cytokine responsive gene-2/IP-10 in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis of Lewis rat. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1996; 278(-1-):404-410. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 2ML2; 1 week; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; antisense; infused CSF alone via model 2002 for 5 - 7 days to allow recovery before replacing pump with model 2ML2 for antisense infusion.

P3462 White,D.M., Mansfield,K. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and neuropeptide Y act indirectly to increase neurite outgrowth of dissociated dorsal root ganglion cells. Neuroscience 1996; 73(-3-):881-887. >>> Vasoactive intestinal peptide; Neuropeptide Y; VIP antagonist; Trinositol, a-; Heparin; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Peptides; 10 U/ml of heparin.

P3461 Dunbar,S., Yaksh,T.L. Concurrent spinal infusion of MK801 blocks spinal tolerance and dependence induced by chronic intrathecal morphine in the rat. Anesthesiology 1996; 84(--):1177-1188. >>> MK-801; Morphine; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received saline infusion; good methods p. 1178; tolerance; dependence; NMDA receptor antagonist.

P3416 Jhamandas,K.H., Marsala,M., Ibuki,T., Yaksh,T.L. Spinal amino acid release and precipitated withdrawal in rats chronically infused with spinal morphine. J.Neurosci. 1996; 16(-8-):2758-2766. >>> Morphine sulfate; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 4 days; tolerance; dependence; intrathecal catheter technique permitted intrathecal injections following the infusion period.

P3405 Gelderd,J.B., Hall,N.R.S., O'Grady,M.P., Oliver,J., Ferrer,C., Anderson,J.A. The effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) infusion following spinal cord transection in rats. Mol.and Chem.Neuropathy 1996; 27(--):167-183. >>> Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; PBS; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (spinal cord transection site); peptides; pump placed in flank..

P4087 Xu,X.M., Guenard,V., Kleitman,N., Aebischer,P., Bunge,M.B. A combination of BDNF and NT-3 promotes supraspinal axonal regeneration into Schwann cell grafts in adult rat thoracic spinal cord. Exp.Neurol. 1995; 134(--):261-272. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NT-3; PBS; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; picture of pump (p. 265); peptides; recomb. human BDNF used.

P3476 Menard,D.P., van Rossum,D., Kar,S., Quirion,R. Alteration of calcitonin gene related peptide and its receptor binding sites during the development of tolerance to mu and delta opioids. Can.J.Physiol.Pharmacol. 1995; 73(--):1089-1095. >>> Morphine sulfate; Naltrexone; Enkephalin; U-50,488H; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; tolerance.

P3349 Kwak,S., Nakamura,R. Acute and late neurotoxicity in the rat spinal cord in vivo induced by glutamate receptor agonists. J.Neurol.Sci. 1995; 129(-Suppl-):99-103. >>> AMPA; Kainic acid; CNQX; APV; Acromelic acid; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS (subarachnoid space, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/aCSF; comparison of acute infusion vs. mp; toxicology.

P3155 Menard,D.P., van Rossum,D., Kar,S., Jolicoeur,F.B., Jhamandas,K., Quirion,R. Tolerance to the antinociceptive properties of morphine in the rat spinal cord: alteration of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunostaining and receptor binding sites. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1995; 273(-2-):887-894. >>> Morphine sulfate; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 2002; 3,5,7,14 days; controls received mp with saline; tolerance; catheter tubing filled with saline.

P2887 Malmberg,A.B., Yaksh,T.L. Effect of continuous intrathecal infusion of w-conopeptides, N-type calcium-channel blockers, on behavior and antinociception in the formalin and hot-plate tests in rats. Pain 1995; 60(--):83-90. >>> SNX-III; SNX-239; Morphine sulfate; Saline, physiological; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 2 or 7 days; controls received mp with saline; peptides; tolerance; PE-10 tubing into spinal cord fused with PE-60 tubing on pump; catheter filled with saline to delay drug infusion 18 hours; SNX-III and SNX-239 are w-conopeptides and calcium channel blockers.

P2809 Keck,B.J., Stafinsky,J.L., Uram,M., Crisp,T. A lack of supersensitivity to opioid receptor agonists following chronic spinal opioid receptor antagonist administration in the rat. Gen.Pharmacol. 1995; 26(-1-):161-168. >>> CTOP; Naltrindole HCl; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp with saline; CTOP is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist; rats allowed 7 days to recover from intrathecal catheter placement surgery; tubing left on the back to allow disconnection.

P2805 Keirstead,H.S., Dyer,J.K., Sholomenko,G.N., McGraw,J., Delaney,K.R., Steeves,J.D. Axonal regeneration and physiological activity following transection and immunological disruption of myelin within the hatchling chick spinal cord. J.Neurosci. 1995; 15(-10-):6963-6974. >>> Serum, complement proteins, guinea pig; Antibody, lgG GalC polyclonal; Antibody, IgM 04 polyclonal; PBS; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); bird (chicken); 2ML2; 1007D; 5 or 12 or 14 days; controls received guinea pig serum only, antibodies only, or PBS only; immunology; antibodies are myelin/oligodendrocyte-specific, complement-binding; GalC is galactocerebroside antibody.

P2780 Verge,V.M.K., Richardson,P.M., Wiesenfeld-Hallin,Z., Hokfelt,T. Differential influence of nerve growth factor on neuropeptide expression in vivo: a novel role in peptide suppression in adult sensory neurons. J.Neurosci. 1995; 15(-3-):2081-2096. >>> Nerve growth factor; PBS; Albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/ saline; silicon tubing was used; streptomycin and penicillin in infusate solution; B-NGF used.

P2650 Zhang,F., Richardson,P.M., Holland,D.P., Guo,Q., Tatton,W.G. CNTF or (-)-deprenyl in immature rats: survival of axotomized facial motoneurons and weight loss. J.Neurosci.Res. 1995; 40(--):564-570. >>> Ciliary neurotrophic factor; Saline; Albumin, bovine serum; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); CSF/CNS (extrathecal-by cranio-cervical junction); rat; 1007D; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicles; dose-response; stress/adverse reaction: weight loss; peptides; CNTF given intrathecally and extrathecally; recomb. rat CNTF used.

R0117 Stevens,C.W. Perspectives on opioid tolerance from basic research: behavioural studies after spinal administration in rodents. Cancer Surveys 1994; 21(--):25-47. >>> Morphine; DADLE; ST-91; Sufentanil; DAMGO; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 7 days; controls received mp w/ saline; cancer; peptides; tolerance; comprehensive review of mp infusion methods using y-catheter.

P4248 Nakamura,R., Kamakura,K., Kwak,S. Toxicity of AMPA, an excitatory amino acid, to rat spinal cord neurons under intrathecal administration. Clin.Neurol. 1994; 34(--):679-684. >>> AMPA; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 7 days; article written in Japanese, with English abstract.

P3350 Levy,R., Leiphart,J., Dills,C. Analgesic action of acute and chronic intraspinally administered opiate and a2-adrenergic agonists in chronic neuropathic pain. Stereotact.Funct.Neurosurg. 1994; 62(--):279-289. >>> Morphine sulfate; Tizanidine; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 14 days; controls received mp w/saline; comparison of acute injections vs. mp; tolerance; tizanidine is an a2-adrenergic agonist; catheter tubing coated w/silicon spray.

P3074 Zochodne,D.W., Murray,M., Nag,S., Riopelle,R.J. A segmental chronic pain syndrome in rats associated with intrathecal infusion of NMDA: evidence for selective action in the dorsal horn. Can.J.Neurol.Sci. 1994; 21(--):24-28. >>> NMDA; Magnesium sulfate; PBS; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 4-8 weeks; controls received mp with PBS; long-term study, pumps replaced every 2 weeks; NMDA given with MgS04.

P2773 Nakamura,R., Kamakura,K., Kwak,S. Late-onset selective neuronal damage in the rat spinal cord induced by continuous intrathecal administration of AMPA. Brain Research 1994; 654(--):279-285. >>> AMPA; CNQX; APV; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose response; AMPA is 1-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate; in some trials, CNQX or APV administered concomitantly with AMPA.

P3292 Gouarderes,C., Jhamandas,K., Cridland,R., Cros,J., Quirions,R., Zajac,J.M. Opioid and substance p receptor adaptations in the rat spinal cord following sub-chronic intrathecal treatment with morphine and naloxone. Neuroscience 1993; 54(-3-):799-807. >>> Morphine; Naloxone; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/saline; tolerance; medical category:pain/analgesia;skc.

P3137 Takano,Y., Yaksh,T.L. Chronic spinal infusion of dexmedetomidine, ST-91 and clonidine: spinal alpha2 adrenoceptor subtypes and intrinsic activity. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1993; 264(-1-):327-335. >>> Dexmedetomidine; Clonidine; Enkephalin analog ST-91; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp with vehicle; tolerance; externalized loop of tubing allowed cessation of flow; dose-response (pg. 330); antihypertensive.

P2752 Fernandez,E., Pallini,R., Lauretti,L., Mercanti,D., Serra,A., Calissano,P. Spinal cord transection in adult rats: effects of local infusion of nerve growth factor on the corticospinal tract axons. Neurosurgery 1993; 33(-5-):889-893. >>> Nerve growth factor; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (lesion in spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2ML4; 28 days; controls received mp w/ saline; peptides.

P2716 Kroin,J.S., Bianchi,G.D., Penn,R.D. Intrathecal baclofen down-regulates GABAB receptors in the rat substantia gelatinosa. J.Neurosurg. 1993; 79(--):544-549. >>> Baclofen; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2ML2; 1,3, or 7 days; controls received mp w/ saline; tolerance; 1 week recovery period before infusion began; different bore tubing was heat-fused.

P2281 Gold,B.G., Storm-Dickerson,T., Austin,D.R. Regulation of the transcription factor c-JUN by nerve growth factor in adult sensory neurons. Neurosci.Lett. 1993; 154(--):129-133. >>> Cytochrome C; Nerve growth factor; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 7 days; peptides.

P2125 Verge,V.M.K., Xu,X.-J., Langel,U., Hokfelt,T., Wiesenfeld-Hallin,Z., Bartfai,T. Evidence for endogenous inhibition of autotomy by galanin in the rat after sciatic nerve section: demonstrated by chronic intrathecal infusion of a high affinity galanin receptor antagonist. Neurosci.Lett. 1993; 149(--):193-197. >>> M-35; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 10 days; peptides; agent is a galanin receptor antagonist.

P2868 Wong,C.-S., Su,Y.-F., Watkins,W.D., Chang,K.-J. Continuous intrathecal opioid treatment abolishes the regulatory effects of magnesium and guanine nucleotides on mu opioid receptor binding in rat spinal membranes. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1992; 262(-1-):317-326. >>> PL 017; Morphine; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 5 days; controls received saline injection instead of pertussis toxin; peptides; PL 017 is a selective mu opioid receptor agonist; tolerance.

P2630 Stevens,C.W., Yaksh,T.L. Studies of morphine and D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) cross-tolerance after continuous intrathecal infusion in the rat. Anesthesiology 1992; 76(-4-):596-603. >>> Morphine sulfate; Enkephalin analog DADLE; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (pg.600); stability of morphine in spinal cord assessed; tolerance; "cont. spinal infusion, in contrast to . . .avoids the peak and trough or exponentially decreasing concentration of tolerogen and the receptor during exposure period"; y-catheter used for intrathecal infusion.

P2520 Macdonald,R.L., Weir,B.K.A., Runzer,T.D., Grace,M.G.A., Poznansky,M.J. Effect of intrathecal superoxide dismutase and catalase on oxyhemoglobin-induced vasospasm in monkeys. Neurosurgery 1992; 30(-4-):529-539. >>> Catalase; tempol; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); monkey; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received inactivated SOD and BSA; functionality of mp verified by measuring enzyme levels in CSF during infusion and testing agent released from pump in vitro for 7 days; stability verified by measuring activity of enzymes released from pumps in vitro over 7 days; daily CSF sampling performed using a subcutaneous Ommaya reservoir; authors report no cases of catheter blockage or dislodgement.

P2084 Verge,V.M.K., Merlio,J.P., Grondin,J., Ernfors,P., Persson,H., Riopelle,R.J., Hokfelt,T., Richardson,P.M. Colocalization of NGF binding sites, trk mRNA, and low-affinity NGF receptor mRNA in primary sensory neurons: responses to injury and infusion of NGF. J.Neurosci. 1992; 12(-10-):4011-4022. >>> Nerve growth factor; Albumin, bovine serum; Penicillin; PBS; Streptomycin; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 1 week; peptides.

R0132 Yaksh,T.L. Tolerance: factors involved in changes in the dose-effect relationship with chronic drug exposure. In 'Towards a new pharmacotherapy of pain', A.I.Basbaum&J.-M.Besson (eds), John Wiley&Sons Ltd 1991; (--):-. >>> Morphine; Sufentanil; Enkephalin; Saline; IV; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); CSF/CNS; rat; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response (p. 163); tolerance; pain; reference of mp pump study on pp. 162-164.

P2058 Ogawa,Y., Ksander,G.A., Pratt,B.M., Sawamura,S.J., Ziman,J.M., Gerhardt,C.O., Avis,P.D., Murray,M.J., McPherson,J.M. Differences in the biological activities of transforming growth factor-B and platelet-derived growth factor. Growth Factors 1991; 5(--):57-68. >>> Transforming growth factor-B1; Platelet-derived growth factor; Albumin; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); guinea-pig; 2001; 8 weeks; stress/adverse reaction: encapsulation (p. 60); peptides; TGF-B1 used.

P1940 Kobayashi,H., Hayashi,M., Kobayashi,S., Kabuto,M., Handa,Y., Kawano,H., Ide,H. Cerebral vasospasm and vasoconstriction caused by endothelin. Neurosurgery 1991; 28(-5-):673-679. >>> Endothelin-1; Water; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); dog; 2001; 7 days; controls received sham op or mp w/ water; peptides.

P1874 Lu,X., Richardson,P.M. Inflammation near the nerve cell body enhances axonal regeneration. J.Neurosci. 1991; 11(-4-):972-978. >>> Mitomycin C; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; no duration posted; no comment posted.

P3663 Nag,S., Riopelle,R.J. Spinal neuronal pathology associated with continuous intrathecal infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartate in the rat. Acta Neuropathologica 1990; 81(--):7-13. >>> NMDA; Glycine; Magnesium sulfate; APV; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 1, 2, or 4 weeks; controls received no agent or mp w/ .IMPBS alone or w/ .15M glycine in .IMPS; 0.2 and 0.5M NMDA for 1-2 weeks poorly tolerated; .15M for 2&4 weeks better; NMDA and other agents infused in pairs.

P2081 Sosnowski,M., Yaksh,T.L. Differential cross-tolerance between intrathecal morphine and sufentanil in the rat. Anesthesiology 1990; 73(--):1141-1147. >>> Morphine sulfate; Sufentanil citrate; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; dose-response; tolerance; PE10 heat fused to PE60; externalized loop of catheter permitted cessation of infusion without pump removal.

P1817 Fernandez,E., Pallini,R., Mercanti,D. Effects of topically administered nerve growth factor on axonal regeneration in peripheral nerve autografts implanted in the spinal cord of rats. Neurosurgery 1990; 26(-1-):37-42. >>> Nerve growth factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 15, 30 days; peptides.

P1626 Nishino,K., Su,Y.F., Wong,C.-S., Watkins,W.D., Chang,K.-J. Dissociation of mu opioid tolerance from receptor down-regulation in rat spinal cord. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1990; 253(-1-):67-72. >>> Morphiceptin; PL 017; Morphine; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 5 days; peptides; tolerance/dependence.

P1604 Verge,V.M.K., Tetzlaff,W., Bisby,M.A., Richardson,P.M. Influence of nerve growth factor on neurofilament gene expression in mature primary sensory neurons. J.Neurosci. 1990; 10(-6-):2018-2025. >>> Nerve growth factor; Penicillin; PBS; Albumin, rat serum; Streptomycin; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; no duration posted; B-NGF used.

P1617 Connor,D., Fone,K.C.F., Bennett,G.W. Behavioural and biochemical effects of chronic intrathecal infusion of TRH antibodies. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1989; 97(--):571P-. >>> Antibody, anti-thyrotropin releasing hormone; Saline; Serum; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 14 days; peptides.

P1612 Stevens,C.W., Yaksh,T.L. Magnitude of opioid dependence after continuous intrathecal infusion of mu and delta-selective opioids in the rat. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1989; 166(--):467-472. >>> Sufentanil citrate; Enkephalin analog DADLE; Enkephalin analog DAMGO; Morphine; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; tissue infusion; dose-response; peptides; tolerance, dependence.

P1562 Russell,R.D., Chang,K.-J. Alternative delta and mu receptor activation: a strategem for limiting opioid tolerance. Pain 1989; 36(--):381-389. >>> Enkephalin analog DADLE; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 6, 12 days; pump replaced weekly; neuroscience.

P1560 Stevens,C., Yaksh,T.L. Potency of infused spinal antinociceptive agents is inversely related to magnitude of tolerance after continuous infusion. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1989; 250(-1-):1-8. >>> Enkephalin analog DADLE; Enkephalin analog DAMGO; Enkephalin analog ST-91; Morphine sulfate; Sufentanil citrate; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; mp connected to Y-catheter; dose-response; peptides.

P1273 Stevens,C.W., Yaksh,T.L. Time course characteristics of tolerance development to continuously infused antinociceptive agents in rats spinal cord. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1989; 251(-1-):216-223. >>> Enkephalin analog ST-91; Enkephalin analog DADLE; Enkephalin analog DAMGO; Morphine; Sufentanil; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; no comment posted.

P1281 Sherman,S.E., Loomis,C.W., Milne,B., Cervenko,F.W. Tolerance to intrathecal oxymetazoline-induced analgesia, with paradigm-dependent cross-tolerance to intrathecal morphine. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1988; 245(-1-):319-326. >>> Morphine; Oxymetazoline; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 3 days; tolerance; intrathecal oxymetazoline causes adverse reactions; comparison of IT injections vs. mp infusion.

P1261 Long,J.B., Petras,J.M., Holaday,J.W. Neurologic deficits and neuronal injury in rats resulting from nonopioid actions of the delta opioid receptor antagonist ICI 174864. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1988; 244(-3-):1169-1177. >>> Dynorphin A (1-13); ICI-174,864; DMSO; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/saline; mp connected to catheter i.t.; DMSO is vehicle for ICI-174864; functionality of mp verified; comparison of ICV vs. i.t. injections vs. mp infusion; stability.

P1183 Stevens,C.W., Monasky,M.S., Yaksh,T.L. Spinal infusion of opiate and alpha-2 agonists in rats: tolerance and cross-tolerance studies. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1988; 244(-1-):63-70. >>> Enkephalin analog ST-91; Morphine sulfate; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 1 week; controls received mp w/ saline; mp connected to 'Y' catheter; 3 doses of agent infused; concomitant infusion of agents.

P1164 Stevens,C.W., Yaksh,T.L. Chronic antagonist infusion does not increase morphine antinociception in rat spinal cord. Brain Research 1987; 425(-2-):388-390. >>> Naloxone HCl; Naltrexone HCl; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; mp connected to a 'Y' catheter; half-life; morphine administered intrathecally via the external arm of the 'Y' catheter; concomitant infusion of agents; comparison of bolus injections vs. mp infusion.

P1117 Bedard,P.J., Tremblay,L.E., Barbeau,H., Filion,M., Maheux,R., Richards,C.L., DiPaolo,T. Action of 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance p, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and clonidine on motoneurone excitability. Can.J.Neurol.Sci. 1987; 14(-3-):506-509. >>> Thyrotropin-rel. factor; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 21 days; Pump model not stated; mp connected to cannula; brief mention of mp; peptides.

P1022 Loomis,C.W., Milne,B., Cervenko,F.W. Determination of cross tolerance in rat spinal cord using intrathecal infusion via sequential mini-osmotic pumps. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1987; 26(-1-):131-139. >>> Dye, Methylene blue; Morphine sulfate; Norepinephrine HCl; Ascorbic acid; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; no duration posted; NE pumps replaced after 4 days w/morphine sulfate; 2 mp infused agents separately and simultaneously in same animal; mp connected to cath..

P0980 Russell,R.D., Leslie,J.B., Su,Y.-F., Watkins,W.D., Chang,K.-J. Continuous intrathecal opioid analgesia: Tolerance and cross-tolerance of mu and delta spinal opioid receptors. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1987; 240(-1-):150-158. >>> Enkephalin agonist DADLE; PL 017; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 5 days; controls received mp w/saline; mp connected to intrathecal catheter; peptides.

P3030 Stevens,C.W., Yaksh,T.L. Spinal action of dermorphin, an extremely potent opioid peptide from frog skin. Brain Research 1986; 385(--):300-304. >>> Morphine; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 1 week; controls received mp with saline; intrathecal y-catheters used.

P0961 Yaksh,T.L., Stevens,C.W. Simple catheter preparation for permitting bolus intrathecal administration during chronic intrathecal infusion. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1986; 25(--):483-485. >>> No drug; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; no duration posted; mp connected to Y shaped catheter; description of catheter prep. that allows bolus admin. simult. w/mp infusion.

P0632 Milne,B., Cervenko,F., Jhamandas,K., Loomis,C., Sutak,M. Analgesia and tolerance to intrathecal morphine and norepinephrine infusion via implanted mini-osmotic pumps in the rat. Pain 1985; 22(-2-):165-172. >>> Morphine; Norepinephrine; Ascorbic acid; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 2002; 7 or 14 days; comparison of agents effects singly or in sequence; no stress/weight loss p. 167, 169; stability of residual NE determ. by spectrofluorometer; saline/ascorbate used w/NE, vehicle for MOR not stated.

P0591 Spampinato,S., Candeletti,S. Characterization of dynorphin A-induced antinociception at spinal level. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1985; 110(--):21-30. >>> Dynorphin A; Calcium chloride; Magnesium chloride; Potassium chloride; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 1 week; peptides.

P0515 Wiesenfeld-Hallin,Z. The effects of intrathecal morphine and naltrexone on autotomy in sciatic nerve sectioned rats. Pain 1984; 18(-3-):267-278. >>> Morphine HCl; CSF, artificial; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; comparison of naltrexone injec vs mp morphine infusion; no stress p275; catheter from mp; aimed at the lumbar enlargement.

P0501 Chvapil,M., Weinstein,P.R., Misiorowski,R.L., Telles,D., Rankin,L. Development of topical BAPN delivery system for acute spinal cord injury in dogs. J.Biomed.Mater.Res. 1984; 18(--):757-769. >>> Aminopropionitrile fumarate, B-; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); dog; 2ML2; no duration posted; Author states use of 2ML2 pump w/ delivery rate of 10ul/h - this is an error; delivery rate verified - possibly a 2ML1 mp was used; advantages of mp p. 768.

P0323 Tseng,L.-F. Partial cross tolerance to D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin after chronic spinal morphine infusion. Life Sci. 1983; 32(--):2545-2550. >>> Morphine sulfate; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 6 days; no comment posted.

P0247 Wiesenfeld,Z., Gustafsson,L.L. Continuous intrathecal administration of morphine via an osmotic minipump in the rat. Brain Research 1982; 247(--):195-197. >>> Morphine HCl; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; administered on the dorsum of lumbar enlargement; no stress (p. 196);.

P0240 Tseng,L.-F. Tolerance and cross tolerance to morphine after chronic spinal D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin infusion. Life Sci. 1982; 31(--):987-992. >>> Enkephalin agonist DADL; Naloxone; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 5 days; agents infused alone and/or concomitantly; peptides.

P0180 de la Torre,J.C., Gonzalez-Carvajal,M. Steady state drug or fluid delivery to injured or transected spinal cord of rats. Lab.Anim.Sci. 1981; 31(-6-):701-703. >>> Dye, Evans-Blue fluorescent; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 1-4 weeks; pump removed&refilled every 7 days; no stress - p. 702-703.

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