References on the Administration of Insulin Using
ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

P8516 Hong,L.Z., Hsieh,P.S. Hyperinsulinemia Instead of Insulin Resistance Induces Baroreflex Dysfunction in Chronic Insulin-Infused Rats. American Journal of Hypertension 2007; 20(-4-):451-458. >>> Insulin, porcine; Glycerin; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2002; 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced every 14 days; post op. care (penicillin); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams); 50% ETOH used [manufacturer suggests 15% or less ETOH; for pump compatibility purposes].

P8310 Singh,A.K., Gudehithlu,K.P., Litbarg,N.O., Sethupathi,P., Arruda,J.A.L., Dunea,G. Transplanting fragments of diabetic pancreas into activated omentum gives rise to new insulin producing cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2007; 355(-1-):258-262. >>> Insulin; SC; Rat; 28 days; Replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes, pancreatectomy and autotransplanted into omentum; immunology; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150-200g.); nephrology.

P8167 Bidani,A.K., Picken,M., Hacioglu,R., Williamson,G., Griffin,K.A. Spontaneously reduced blood pressure load in the rat streptozotocin-induced diabetes model: potential pathogenetic relevance. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2007; 292(-2-):F647-F654. >>> Insulin; SC; Rat; 16-20, 36-40 weeks; Replacement therapy (STZ-induced Diabetes); long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 8 weeks old, 250 grams).

P8149 Kovacs,P., Morales,J.C., Karkanias,G.B. The effect of diabetes and centrally administered insulin on anterior hypothalamic estrogen receptor alpha immunoreactivity. ACTA DIABETOLOGICA 2007; 44(-1-):38-44. >>> Insulin, human; Saline; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (STZ-induced Diabetes, ovariectomy); peptides; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 175-200g.); tissue perfusion (ventricle).

P8073 Hoppe,C.C., Evans,R.G., Moritz,K.M., Cullen-McEwen,L.A., Fitzgerald,S.M., Dowling,J., Bertram,J.F. Combined prenatal and postnatal protein restriction influences adult kidney structure, function, and arterial pressure. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2007; 292(-1-):R462-R469. >>> Insulin; aminohippuric acid, p-; Radio-isotopes; 3H tracer; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 3 days; Cardiovascular; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, male, 132 days old, 340-425g.); nephrology.

P8304 Chakrabarty,S., Miller,B.T., Collins,T.J., Nagamani,M. Ovarian dysfunction in peripubertal hyperinsulinemia. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION 2006; 13(-2-):122-129. >>> Insulin; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ physiological saline; no stress (see pg. 126); peptides; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 28 days old); "This method of drug delivery eliminates the stress and trauma of daily injections." (p. 126).

P8217 Castellano,J.M., Navarro,V.M., Fernandez-Fernandez,R., Roa,J., Vigo,E., Pineda,R., Dieguez,C., Aguilar,E., Pinilla,L., Tena-Sempere,M. Expression of hypothalamic KiSS-1 system and rescue of defective gonadotropic responses by kisspeptin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Diabetes 2006; 55(-9-):2602-2610. >>> Insulin; leptin; Saline; HCI; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or nondiabetic; replacement therapy (STZ-induced Diabetes); peptides; animal info (male, Wistar, adult).

P8004 Toba,H., Gomyo,E., Miki,S., Shimizu,T., Yoshimura,A., Inoue,R., Sawai,N., Tsukamoto,R., Asayama,J., Kobara,M., Nakata,T. Hyperinsulinaemia increases the gene expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in rat aorta. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 2006; 33(-5-6-):440-447. >>> Insulin; Saline; SC; Rat; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; insulin plasma levels taken; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Wistar, 280-300 grams).

P7985 Warne,J.P., Horneman,H.F., Wick,E.C., Bhargava,A., Pecoraro,N.C., Ginsberg,A.B., Akana,S.F., Dallman,M.F. Comparison of superior mesenteric versus jugular venous infusions of insulin in streptozotocin-diabetic rats on the choice of caloric intake, body weight, and fat stores. Endocrinology 2006; 147(-11-):5443-5451. >>> Insulin, methylene blue; Saline; IV (jugular); Rat; 2002; ; Functionality of mp verified by dye infusion; replacement therapy (diabetic); no stress (see pg. 5444); good methods; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 275 grams); diabetes; PE-60 fused to PE-5.

P7928 Toth,C., Brussee,V., Martinez,J.A., McDonald,D., Zochodne,D.W. Rescue and regeneration of injured peripheral nerve axons by intrathecal insulin. Neuroscience 2006; 139(-2-):429-449. >>> Insulin; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar, peroneal nerve); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (adult male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300 grams); silicone catheters (0.012" x 0.025") used between L6-S1 vertebrae; nerve perfusion chamber used for nerve infusion; nerve injury; India Ink in pumps to verify delivery; behavioral testing.

P7829 Toth,C., Brussee,V., Zochodne,D.W. Remote neurotrophic support of epidermal nerve fibres in experimental diabetes. Diabetologia 2006; 49(-5-):1081-1088. >>> Insulin; insulin-like growth factor-1; Saline; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2002; 1 month; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (stz-induced diabetes); pumps replaced after 2 weeks; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g.); comparison of SC mp vs. IT mp.

P7758 Song,J., Hu,X.Q., Riazi,S., Tiwari,S., Wade,J.B., Ecelbarger,C.A. Regulation of blood pressure, the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and other key renal sodium transporters by chronic insulin infusion in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2006; 290(-5-):F1055-F1064. >>> Insulin, human; Water; SC; Rat; 2002; 28 days; Controls received sham surgery; pumps replaced at 2 weeks; no stress (see pg. F1056); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-280g.); Humulin-R; continuous radiotelemetry to record blood pressure.

P7451 Fekete,C., Singru,P.S., Sanchez,E., Sarkar,S., Christoffolete,M.A., Riberio,R.S., Rand,W.M., Emerson,C.H., Bianco,A.C., Lechan,R.M. Differential effects of central leptin, insulin, or glucose administration during fasting on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and feeding-related neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Endocrinology 2006; 147(-1-):520-529. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; insulin; glucose; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by agent levels in CSF+ serum; peptides; post op. care (bacitracin ointment); animal info (male Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 g); cannula placement confirmed by light microscope.

P7673 Dragonas,C., Mueller,A., Maltaris,T., Kraemer,P., Dimmler,A., Jaeger,W., Beckmann,M.W., Dittrich,R. Role of insulin in the progression of ovarian sex cord stromal tumors in rats. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 2005; 131(-11-):751-757. >>> Insulin; SC; Rat; 28, 56, 84 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; replacement therapy (ovariectomy, STZ-induced diabetes); long-term study; pumps replaced every 28 days; no stress (see pg.753); cancer (sex cord stomal); animal info (female, Lewis, 60 days old, 150-210 g).

P7358 El Midaoui,A., Ongali,B., Petcu,M., Rodi,D., De Champlain,J., Neugebauer,W., Couture,R. Increases of spinal kinin receptor binding sites in two rat models of insulin resistance. Peptides 2005; 26(-8-):1323-1330. >>> Insulin; SC; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Peptides; diabetes.

P7329 Kim,S.J., Winter,K., Nian,C., Tsuneoka,M., Koda,Y., McIntosh,C.H.S. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) stimulation of pancreatic beta-cell survival is dependent upon phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling, inactivation of the forkhead transcription factor Foxo1, and down-regulation of bax expression. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2005; 280(-23-):22297-22307. >>> Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (1-42), synthetic porcine; IP; Rat; 2 weeks; Replacement therapy (diabetic); immunology; peptides.

P6956 El Midaoui,A., De Champlain,J. Effects of glucose and insulin on the development of oxidative stress and hypertension in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Journal of Hypertension 2005; 23(-3-):581-588. >>> Insulin; Saline; glutamic acid; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; insulin plasma levels taken; cardiovascular; peptides; diabetes; 0.7% glutamic acid added to prevent insulin aggregation.

P6949 Fowler,M., Virostko,J., Chen,Z.Y., Poffenberger,G., Radhika,A., Brissova,M., Shiota,M., Nicholson,W.E., Shi,Y.B., Hirshberg,B., Harlan,D.M., Jansen,E.D., Powers,A.C. Assessment of pancreatic islet mass after islet transplantation using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Transplantation 2005; 79(-7-):768-776. >>> Insulin, human; SC; Mice (SCID); 1002; 7,10 days; Diabetes; bioluminescence imaging (BLI); IVIS 200 system used after pumps were removed.

P6903 Nyberg,J., Anderson,M.F., Meister,B., Alborn,A.M., Stroem,A.K., Brederlau,A., Illerskog,A.C., Nilsson,O., Kieffer,T.J., Hietala,M.A., Ricksten,A., Eriksson,P.S. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide is expressed in adult hippocampus and induces progenitor cell proliferation. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-7-):1816-1825. >>> Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; PBS; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit 2; peptides; GIP.

R0211 Banks,W.A. The source of cerebral insulin. European Journal of Pharmacology 2004; 490(-1-3-):5-12. >>> Insulin, human; SC; Mice; ; Dose-response (Fig. 1); peptides; pg. 7 fig.1.

P7046 Bilodeau,M., Tousignant,J., Ethier,C., Rocheleau,B., Raymond,V.A., Lapointe,R. Anti-apoptotic effect of insulin on normal hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis 2004; 9(-5-):609-617. >>> Insulin; HEPES buffer; IV (portal); Rat; 2001; 2,7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by degree of phosphorylation of insulin receptor; replacement therapy (liver atrophy); dose-response.

P7007 Crowley,W.R., Ramoz,G., Torto,R., Kalra,S.P. Role of leptin in orexigenic neuropeptide expression during lactation in rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2004; 16(-7-):637-644. >>> Leptin, recomb. rat; insulin, bovine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides.

P6798 Brussee,V., Cunningham,F.A., Zochodne,D.W. Direct insulin signaling of neurons reverses diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 2004; 53(-7-):1824-1830. >>> Insulin, human; FITC-Insulin; Insulin-like growth factor I; antibody, polyclonal anti-rat insulin; dye, india ink; antibody, polyclonal anti-albumin; Saline; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or anti-albumin Ab; functionality of mp verified by dye; replacement therapy (streptozotocin induced diabetes); india ink used to confirm catheter placement and intrathecal delivery.

P6678 Figlewicz,D.P., Bennett,J., Evans,S.B., Kaiyala,K., Sipols,A.J., Benoit,S.C. Intraventricular insulin and leptin reverse place preference conditioned with high-fat diet in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 2004; 118(-3-):479-487. >>> Leptin; insulin; CSF; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Rat; 7,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; behavioral study; one week and two week pump used; models not listed.

P6673 Lambert,A.J., Merry,B.J. Effect of caloric restriction on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and bioenergetics: reversal by insulin. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2004; 286(-1-):R71-R79. >>> Insulin; Saline; acetic acid; SC; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Insulin plasma levels; peptides; post op. care (buprenorphin injection); aging.

P6641 Figlewicz,D.P., Zavosh,A., Sexton,T., Neumaier,J.F. Catabolic action of insulin in rat arcuate nucleus is not enhanced by exogenous "tub" expression. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2004; 286(-6-):E1004-E1010. >>> Insulin; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (arcuate nucleus); Rat; 1007D; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 4); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P6568 Fredersdorf,S., Thumann,C., Ulucan,C., Griese,D.P., Luchner,A., Riegger,G.A.J., Kromer,E.P., Weil,J. Myocardial hypertrophy and enhanced left ventricular contractility in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY 2004; 13(-1-):11-19. >>> Insulin; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 6 weeks; Functionality of mp verified by serum glucose levels; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; cardiovascular; insulin used was actrapid Hm u500.

P6288 Quesada,A., Micevych,P.E. Estrogen interacts with the IGF-1 system to protect nigrostriatal dopamine and maintain motoric behavior after 6-hydroxdopamine lesions. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2004; 75(-1-):107-116. >>> Insulin-like factor 1; JB-1; CSF, artificial; SC; CSF/CNS (medial forebrain); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Comparison of sc infusion vs icv infusion; ALZET brain infusion kit 2; parkinson's disease; JB-1 is an IGF-1 receptor antagonist; behavorial study; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); replacement therapy (ovariectomy).

P6236 Kovacs,P., Morales,J.C., Karkanias,G.B. Central insulin administration maintains reproductive behavior in diabetic female rats. Neuroendocrinology 2003; 78(-2-):90-95. >>> Insulin, human; Saline; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (ovariectomy); no stress (see pg. 91).

P6073 Miyanaga,F., Ogawa,Y., Ebihara,K., Hidaka,S., Tanaka,T., Hayashi,S., Masuzaki,H., Nakao,K. Leptin as an adjunct of insulin therapy in insulin-deficient diabetes. Diabetologia 2003; 46(-10-):1329-1337. >>> Leptin; insulin, human; Saline; SC; Mice (transgenic); 1007D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; leptin plasma levels taken; peptides; paper incorrectly states pump model as a 1002D.

P6031 Kobayashi,T., Kaneda,A., Kamata,K. Possible involvement of IGF-1 receptor and IGF-binding protein in insulin-induced enhancement of noradrenaline response in diabetic rat aorta. British Journal of Pharmacology 2003; 140(-2-):285-294. >>> Insulin; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Insulin plasma levels taken; cardiovascular; peptides; diabetes.

P6015 Song,J., Knepper,M.A., Verbalis,J.G., Ecelbarger,C.A. Increased renal ENaC subunit and sodium transporter abundances in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2003; 285(-6-):F1125-F1137. >>> Insulin; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Insulin plasma levels taken; peptides; timeline of pump usage, p. F1127 (Fig. A).

P7430 Hewson,A.K., Tung,L.Y., Connell,D.W., Tookman,L., Dickson,S.L. The rat arcuate nucleus integrates peripheral signals provided by leptin, insulin, and a ghrelin mimetic. Diabetes 2002/12; 51(-12-):3412-3419. >>> Insulin, recomb. human; leptin, recomb. murine; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (fa/fa obese); ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; peptides; mp primed overnight in 37 degree C saline.

P6230 Kovacs,P., Parlow,A.F., Karkanias,G.B. Effect of centrally administered insulin on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron activity and luteinizing hormone surge in the diabetic female rat. Neuroendocrinology 2002; 76(-6-):357-365. >>> Insulin, human; Saline; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Rat; 2002; 8-12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (ovariectomy); endocrinology.

P5850 Richardson,R.D., Omachi,K., Kermani,R., Woods,S.C. Intraventricular insulin potentiates the anorexic effect of corticotropin releasing hormone in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2002; 283(-6-):R1321-R1326. >>> Insulin, porcine; CSF, artifical; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stability verified by past experiment >11 days stable p.322; peptides; two cannulae used, one in the 3rd ventricle&the other in the right ventricle; 3 day recovery; two cannula systems used so that acute administration of compounds (via lateral ventricle) would not interfere w/ continuous infusion of a second solution (via the third ventricle).

P5825 Obici,S., Zhang,B.B., Karkanias,G., Rossetti,L. Hypothalamic insulin signaling is required for inhibition of glucose production. Nature Medicine 2002; 8(-12-):1376-1382. >>> Insulin; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3-7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (streptozotocin-induced diabetes); peptides.

P5134 Thompson,C.I., Munford,J.W., Buell,E.H., Karry,R.J., Lee,C.T., Morgan,B.L., Radnovich,A.J. Plasma constituents and mortality in rat pups given chronic insulin via injection, pellet, or osmotic minipump. Can.J Physiol Pharmacol 2002/3; 80(--):180-192. >>> Insulin, bovine; Saline; SC; rat (neonate); 1002; 10 days; Animal info (neonates, 9 days old), controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma insulin levels and residual aspiration; comparison of pellet vs. sc injections vs. mp; no stress (see p. 186); "The minipumps appeared to be well tolerated and caused no obvious difficulty with nursing" (p. 186); teratology; peptides; "...pups tolerate insulin more readily from a minipump than from a pellet..." (p. 190) "pellets caused high mortality within 24 h" (abstract); "Hypothermia is safe, and it has been shown to be an effective technique for inducing anesthesia in neonatal and preweaning rats. We therefore used moderate hypothermia to subcutaneously implant the osmotic minipumps..." p. 186; "It took approximately 1.5 minutes to implant the minipump in each pup..." p. 186; "The present studies indicate that subcutaneous insulin pellets are not suitable for this purpose (chronic insulin delivery in rat pups), since rat pups do not tolerate them well." p. 191.

P5114 Granda,T.G., Velasco,A. Effects of insulin administration in diabetic rats on food and drink rhythmic schedules. BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM RESEARCH 2002; 33(-1-):1-14. >>> Insulin; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P5766 Hidaka,S., Yoshimatsu,H., Kondou,S., Oka,K., Tsuruta,Y., Sakino,H., Itateyama,I., Noguchi,H., Himeno,K., Okamoto,K., Teshima,Y., Okeda,T., Sakata,T. Hypoleptinemia, but not hypoinsulinemia, induces hyperphagia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Neurochem 2001; 77(-4-):993-1000. >>> Insulin; Leptin; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; leptin was recomb. murine; guide cannula w/ stylet used.

P4980 Soriano,F.G., Pacher,P., Mabley,J., Liaudet,L., Szabo,C. Rapid reversal of the diabetic endothelial dysfunction by pharmacological inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Circ.Res 2001/10/12; 89(-8-):684-691. >>> Insulin, bovine; SC; Mice; 2004; 1 or 4 weeks; replacement therapy (streptozotocin-induced diabetes); incorrectly states pump model was 1004.

P4803 Fang,T.-C., Wu,C.C., Huang,W.C. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis accentuates blood pressure elevation in hyperinsulinemic rats.. Journal of Hypertension 2001; 19(-7-):1255-1262. >>> Insulin, porcine;; Glycerin; Ethanol;; SC;; rat;; 2002;; 6 weeks;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by removing, measuring residual volume; long-term study, pumps replaced after 14 days and 28 days; vehicle was 50:50 glycerin, ethanol mix;.

P5236 Tabata,H. Peripheral neuropathy in B6C3F1 mice and SD rats induced by chronic intermittent insulin hypoglycemia. Drug Chem.Toxicol. 2000/8; 23(-3-):485-496. >>> Insulin, bovine; Water; HCl; SC; Rat; Mice; 1007D, 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality veryfied by blood glucose levels; dose-response (p.490); pumps replaced at intervals of 5 to 7 days; peptides; 1007D pumps used in mice; 2002 pumps used in rats; toxicology.

P4568 Juan,C-C, Fang,V,S, Kwok,C-F, Perng,J-C, Chou,Y-C, Ho,L.-T. Exogenous hyperinsulinemia causes insulin resistance, hyperendothelinemia, and subsequent hypertension in rats.. Metabolism 1999/4; 48(-4-):465-471. >>> Insulin, human; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2002;; 1 week;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; peptides;.

P4555 Sugden,M.C., Priestman,D.A., Orfali,K.A., Holness,M.J. Hyperthyroidism facilitates cardiac fatty acid oxidation through altered regulation of cardiac carnitine palmitoyltransferase: studies in vivo and with cardiac myocytes.. Horm.Metab.Res. 1999; 31(--):300-306. >>> Insulin;; SC;; rat;; 24 hours;; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; peptides;.

P4520 Kramer,K.L, Giffin,B.F, Fox,J.W, Drake,R.L  Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1999/8/15; 368(-2-):291-297. >>> Insulin;; Glycerol;; SC;; rat;; 5 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; replacement therapy; comaprison of SC injections vs. mp; peptides;.

P4323 Duelli,R., Staudt,R., Duembgen,L., Kuschinsky,W. Increase in glucose transporter densities of Glut3 and decrease of glucose utilization in rat brain after one week of hypoglycemia. Brain Research 1999; 831(--):254-262. >>> Insulin; SC; Rat; 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp with saline; functionality of mp verified by daily plasma glucose levels; peptides.

P4506 Fang,T-C, Huang,W-C  Hypertension 1998; 32(--):235-242. >>> Insulin; PD123319; Losartan;; Glycerin; Ethanol; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2002;; 6 weeks;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; long-term study, pump replaced every 14 days; peptides; cardiovascular; insulin given singly or concomitantly w/losartan or PD 123319 from separate pumps; penicillin given at time of surgery..

P4501 Huang,W-C, Fang,T-C, Cheng,J-T  Hypertension 1998/8; 32(--):249-254. >>> Insulin;; Glycerin; Ethanol;; SC;; rat;; 2002;; 6 weeks;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; long-term study, pumps replaced every 14 days; peptides; cardiovascular;.

P4158 Fang,T.-C., Huang,W.-C. Role of angiotensin II hyperinsulinemia-induced hypertension in rats. J.Hypertens. 1998; 16(--):1767-1774. >>> Insulin, porcine; Losartan; Glycerin; Ethanol; SC; rat; 2002; 6 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; pumps replaced after 14 days; peptides; cardiovascular.

P4127 Kuntz,A.L., Oesterle,E.C. Transforming growth factor-a with insulin induces proliferation in rat utricular extrasensory epithelia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998; 118(--):816-824. >>> Thymidine; Transforming growth factor-a; Insulin; 3H tracer; Radio-isotopes; ear (cochlea); rat; 1003D; 2001; 3,7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; tissue perfusion (cochlea); agents infused singly or concomitantly in same pump; ALZET brain infusion kit 1 was modified for cochlear infusion; peptides.

P3938 Sugden,M.C., Fryer,L.G.D., Orfali,K.A., Priestman,D.A., Donald,E., Holness,M.J. Studies of the long-term regulation of hepatic pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. J.Biochem 1998; 329(--):89-94. >>> Insulin; SC; rat; 24 hours; no stress (see pg. 90).

P3957 Sugden,M.C., Orfali,K.A., Fryer,L.G.D., Holness,M.J., Priestman,D.A. Molecular mechanisms underlying the long-term impact of dietary fat to increase cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase: regulation by insulin, cyclic AMP and pyruvate. J.Mol.Cell.Cardiology 1997; 29(--):1867-1875. >>> Insulin; SC; rat; 24 hours; controls received insulin in mp and standard diet; cardiovascular.

P3954 Schaffer,M.R., Tantry,U., Efron,P.A., Ahrendt,G.M., Thornton,F.J., Barbul,A. Diabetes-impaired healing and reduced wound nitric oxide synthesis: a possible pathophysiologic correlation. Surgery 1997; 121(--):513-519. >>> Insulin, human; IP; rat; 10 days; controls received no treatment; no stress (see pg. 519); wound healing.

P3881 Haraldseth,O., Jones,R.A., Skottner,A. A quantitative in-vivo MR imaging study of brain dehydration in diabetic rats and rats treated with peptide hormones. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1997; 15(-2-):203-210. >>> Insulin; Insulin-like growth factor I; Growth hormone, human; SC; rat;; 13-14 days; recomb. human IGF-1 and GH used; peptides.

P3641 Nieuwenhuizen,A.G., Schuiling,G.A., Moes,H., Koiter,T.R. Role of increased insulin demand in the adaptation of the endocrine pancreas to pregnancy. Acta Physiol.Scand. 1997; 159(--):303-312. >>> Insulin; SC; rat (pregnant); 2001; 7 days; peptides; animals received 2 pumps.

P3709 Ouchi,Y., Han,S.-Z., Kim,S., Akishita,M., Kozaki,K., Toba,K., Orimo,H. Augmented contractile function and abnormal Ca2+ handling in the aorta of zucker obese rats with insulin resistance. Diabetes 1996; 45(-S3-):S55-S58. >>> Insulin, porcine; HCl; Balanced salt solution; Albumin, bovine serum; SC; rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ saline; recipe for BSS given (pg. 555).

P3634 Bourgeois,C.S., Wiggins,D., Gibbons,G.F. Chronic exogenous hyperinsulinaemia does not modify the acute inhibitory effect of insulin on the secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein B in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Biochem.J. 1996; 314(--):103-108. >>> Insulin; Glycerol; Phenol; Glutamic acid; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received sham operations; peptides.

P3628 Moglia,B.B., Phelps,D.S. Changes in surfactant protein A mRNA levels in a rat model of insulin-treated diabetic pregnancy. Pediatr.Res. 1996; 39(-2-):241-247. >>> Insulin; SC; rat (pregnant); 2001; 2002; 20 days; controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by blood glucose levels during treatment; replacement therapy (streptozotocin-induced diabetes); comparison of daily sub-q injections vs. mp; pumps replaced after 10 days; teratology; peptides; Iletin insulin used.

P3593 Ubukata,E., Mokuda,O., Sakamoto,Y., Shimizu,N. Effect of various glucagon/insulin molar ratios on blood ketone body levels in rats by use of osmotic minipumps. Diabetes Res.Clin.Pract. 1996; 34(--):1-6. >>> Octreotide; Insulin, human; Glucagon; SC; IP; rat; 2001; 2ML1; 5 days; controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; subcutaneous octreotide given w/ concomitant IP insulin, glucagon or saline.

P3403 Fisher,W.E., Boros,L.G., Schirmer,W.J. Reversal of enhanced pancreatic cancer growth in diabetes by insulin. Surgery 1995; 118(--):453-458. >>> Insulin; Glycerin; Phenol; Water, distilled; SC; hamster; 2002; 21 days; controls received mp w/diluent; functionality of mp verified by plasma glucose levels; replacement therapy (streptozotocin-induced diabetes); pumps replaced after 14 days; cancer; peptides.

P3364 Kumagai,A.K., Kang,Y.-S., Boado,R.J., Pardridge,W.M. Upregulation of blood-brain barrier GLUT1 glucose transporter protein and mRNA in experimental chronic hypoglycemia. Diabetes 1995; 44(--):1399-1404. >>> Insulin; NaCl; Glumatic acid; SC; rat; 2001; no duration posted; controls received mp w/saline; functionality of mp verified by blood glucose levels; peptides; glumatic acid used to prevent aggregation.

P3223 Inoue,Y., Tanigawa,K., Nakamura,S., Xu,G., Kawaguchi,M., Kato,Y., Tamura,K. Lack of effect of CS-045, a new antidiabetic agent, on insulin secretion in the remnant pancreas after 90% pancreatectomy in rats. Diabetes Res.Clin.Pract. 1995; 27(--):19-26. >>> Insulin; IP; rat; 2002; 2 weeks; functionality of mp verified by plasma glucose levels; peptides.

P3220 Jara,A., Bover,J., Felsenfeld,A.J. Development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone disease in diabetic rats with renal failure. Kidney Int. 1995; 47(--):1746-1751. >>> Insulin; Glycerine; NaOH; HCI; Glutamic acid; SC; rat; 2002; 14 days; functionality of mp verified by blood glucose levels; replacement therapy (streptozotocin-induced diabetes); comparison of injections vs. mp; peptides.

P3164 Holmang,A., Jennische,E., Bjorntorp,P. The effects of long-term hyperinsulinaemia on insulin sensitivity in rats. Acta Physiol.Scand. 1995; 153(--):67-73. >>> Insulin, human; Propranolol; Saline; Ascorbic acid; SC; rat; 2001; 7 weeks; long-term study, pumps replaced weekly; peptides; antihypertensive.

P3040 Nakamura,S., Tanigawa,K., Kawaguchi,M., Inoue,Y., Xu,G., Nagami,H., Teramoto,M., Kato,Y., Tamura,Y. Effect of chronic vanadate administration in partially depancreatized rats. Diabetes Res.Clin.Pract. 1995; 27(--):51-59. >>> Insulin; SC; rat; 2ML4; 3 weeks; functionality of mp verified by plasma glucose levels; peptides.

P3034 Moreau,P., Lamarche,L., Laflamme,A.K.-, Calderone,A., Yamaguchi,N., De Champlain,J. Chronic hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension: the role of the sympathetic nervous system. J.Hypertens. 1995; 13(--):333-340. >>> Insulin, bovine; Saline; Glutamic acid, l-; SC; rat; 2002; 12 days; controls received mp with vehicle; peptides.

P2939 Strack,A.M., Sebastian,R.J., Schwartz,M.W., Dallman,M.F. Glucocorticoids and insulin: reciprocal signals for energy balance. Am.J.Physiol.(Regulatory Integrative Comp.Physiol.37) 1995; 268(--):R142-R149. >>> Insulin, synthetic human; SC; rat; 2001; 5 days; controls received mp with saline; replacement therapy (streptozotocin-induced diabetes); peptides.

P2870 Ohishi,O., Carmines,P.K. Superoxide dismutase restores the influence of nitric oxide on renal arterioles in diabetes mellitus. J.Am.Soc.Nephrol. 1995; 5(--):1559-1566. >>> Insulin; IP; rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp with vehicle and no streptozotocin shot; replacement therapy (streptozotocin-induced diabetes); 60,000 U of penicillin G procaine given after surgery.

P2847 Cusin,I., Dryden,S., Wang,Q., Rohner-Jeanrenaud,F., Jeanrenaud,B., Williams,G. Effect of sustained physiological hyperinsulinaemia on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and NPY mRNA levels in the rat. J.Endocrinol. 1995; 7(--):193-197. >>> Insulin, human; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 3 days; controls received mp with saline.

P2607 Assimacopoulos-Jeannet,A., Brichard,S., Rencurel,F., Cusin,I., Jeanrenaud,B. In vivo effects of hyperinsulinemia on lipogenic enzymes and glucose transporter expression in rat liver and adipose tissues. Metabolism 1995; 44(-2-):228-233. >>> Insulin; Sodium chloride; IP; rat; 2001; no duration posted; controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham operation; functionality of mp verified by blood glucose levels.

P3124 Tomas,F.M., Chandler,C.S., Coyle,P., Bourgeois,C.S., Burgoyne,J.L., Rofe,A.M. Effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors on protein and energy metabolism in tumour-bearing rats. Biochem.J. 1994; 301(--):769-775. >>> Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin; Acetic acid; SC; rat; 2001; 6-7 days; controls received mp with vehicle; cancer; immunology; peptides; some rats received 2 pumps with different agents and/or vehicles; LR3-&recomb. human IGF-1 used.

P2392 Dong,Y-L., Fleming,R.Y.D., Huang,K.F., Herndon,D.N., Yan,T.Z., Waymack,J.P. Effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 on host response to tumor. J.Surg.Oncology 1993; 53(--):121-127. >>> Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin, human; Acetate; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; recomb. human IGF-1 used; peptides.

P2863 Near,S.L., Whalen,L.R., Miller,J.A., Ishii,D.N. Insulin-like growth factor II stimulates motor nerve regeneration. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 1992; 89(--):11716-11720. >>> Insulin-like growth factor II; Antiserum, human IGF II, rabbit; Insulin; Culture medium, RPMI; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); rat; 1007D; 1 week; controls received mp with RPMI vehicle, insulin or were untreated; tissue perfusion (sciatic nerve); fenestrated catheter was used; good diagram of pump placement (pg. 11717); peptides; recomb. human IGF-II used.

P2402 Olanrewaju,H., Patel,L., Seidel,E.R. Trophic action of local intraileal infusion of insulin-like growth factor 1: polyamine dependence. Am.Physiol.Soc. 1992; (--):E282-E291. >>> Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin, human; Saline; intraluminal (ileum); rat; 66 hours; tissue perfusion; peptides; used silastic catheter w/ dacron patch sutured to muscularis externa; some animals received DFMO injections concomitantly; targeted delivery allowed 1/100,000 the dose required for systemic effect.

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