References on the Administration of Antidepressants Using
ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

1. Acetylphenelzine, N2

P2971 Sherry-McKenna,R.L., Wong,J.T.F., Paetsch,P.R., Baker,G.B., Mousseau,D.D., McKenna,K.F., Coutts,R.T., Greenshaw,A.J. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: effects on tryptophan concentrations in the rat brain. J.Neural Transm. 1994; 41(--):155-163. >>> Phenelzine; Tranylcypromine, 4-methoxy-; Acetylphenelzine, N2-; Tranylcypromine, 4-fluoro-; Tranylcypromine; Deprenyl; SC; IP; rat; 28 days; antidepressant; controls received mp with vehicle; comparison of TCP and PLZ ip injections vs. mp.

P2832 McKenna,K.F., McManus,D.J., Baker,G.B., Coutts,R.T. Chronic administration of the antidepressant phenelzine and its N-acetyl analogue: effects on GABAergic function. J.Neural Transm. 1994; 41(--):115-122. >>> Phenelzine sulfate; Acetylphenelzine, N2-; SC; rat; 2ML2; 28 days; antidepressant; controls received mp with water.

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2. Adinazolam

P0433 Turmel,A., de Montigny,C. Sensitization of rat forebrain neurons to serotonin by adinazolam, an antidepressant triazolobenzodiazepine. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1984; 99(--):241-244. >>> Adinazolam; Diazepam; Benzyl alcohol; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Sodium benzoate; Water; IP; rat; 2002; 5 and 14 days; comparison of Adin. iv injec vs. mp infusion; comparison of agents effects; Adin. used with water vehicle, Diaz. with combination vehicle.

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3. Amitriptyline

P8246 Sud,R., Ignatowski,T.A., Lo,C.P.K., Spengler,R.N. Uncovering molecular elements of brain-body communication during development and treatment of neuropathic pain. BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY 2007; 21(-1-):112-124. >>> Tumor necrosis Factor-a, recomb. rat: tumor necrosis factor-a, recomb. rat, heat-inactivated; amitriptyline; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or heat-inactivated rr-TNFa; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g); chronic constriction injury to the right sciatic nerve.

P8011 Tai,Y.H., Wang,Y.H., Wang,J.J., Tao,P.L., Tung,C.S., Wong,C.S. Amitriptyline suppresses neuroinflammation and up-regulates glutamate transporters in morphine-tolerant rats. Pain 2006; 124(-1-2-):77-86. >>> Amitriptyline; morphine; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); SC; Rat; 2001; 5 days; Tolerance; animal info (male, Wistar, 350-400 grams); behavioral study.

P7726 Gould,G.G., Altamirano,A.V., Javors,M.A., Frazer,A. A comparison of the chronic treatment effects of venlafaxine and other antidepressants on serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 59(-5-):408-414. >>> Venlafaxine; sertraline; amitriptyline; paroxetine; desipramine; citalopram; Saline; water, deionized; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug concentrations; dose-response (fig1); anmial info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150-200g); 50% EtoH in H2O.

P7514 West,C.H.K., Weiss,J.M. A selective test for antidepressant treatments using rats bred for stress-induced reduction of motor activity in the swim test. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-1-):9-23. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; clordiazepoxide HCl; imipramine HCl; phenelzine sulfate; scopolamine HBr; desipramine HCl; bupropion HCl; chlorpheniramine maleate; fluoxetine HCl; sertraline; amphetamine sulfate, D-; Water, sterile distilled; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 6,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by agent blood levels; dose-response (fig. 5); animal info (male, female, susceptible, selectively bred); some animals had saline-filled catheter attached to mp to delay drug infusion by 5 days; "The most notable advantage of minipump delivery is that it eliminates stress resulting from daily injection of drug....minipumps also provide constant infusion of drug" (pg. 22).

P7089 Andin,J., Stenfors,C., Ross,S.B., Marcusson,J. Modulation of neuronal glutamate transporter rEAAC1 mRNA expression in rat brain by amitriptyline. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 2004; 126(-1-):74-77. >>> Amitriptyline hydrochloride; Saline; SC; Rat; 3,7,21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or no treatment.

P5693 Pringsheim,T., Diksic,M., Dobson,C., Nguyen,K., Hamel,E. Selective decrease in serotonin synthesis rate in rat brainstem raphe nuclei following chronic administration of low doses of amitriptyline: an effect compatible with an anti-migraine effect. Cephalalgia 2003; 23(-5-):367-375. >>> Amitriptyline; Saline; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 21 days; Controls received the mp w/ vehicle; tricyclic antidepressant.

P2779 Ohshima,N., Kotaki,H., Sawada,Y., Iga,T. The relationship between the pharmacological effect of amitriptyline based on an improved forced-swimming test and plasma concentration in rats. Biol.Pharm.Bull 1995; 18(-1-):70-74. >>> Amitriptyline; IP; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; antidepressant; functionality of mp verified by an in vitro study and by assaying plasma levels; stability verified by in vitro studies for 7 days at 37 degrees C.

P2733 Goodnough,D.B., Baker,G.B. Tranylcypromine does not enhance the effects of amitriptyline on 5-HT2 receptors in rat cerebral cortex. J.Pharm.Sci. 1994; 83(-1-):100-103. >>> Amitriptyline; Tranylcypromine; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML2; 4, 10 or 28 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor; tranylcypromine is an MAO inhibitor; amitriptyline infused alone and in combination with tranylcypromine.

P2654 Brodin,K., Ogren,S.-O., Brodin,E. Clomipramine and clonazepam increase cholecystokinin levels in rat ventral tegmental area and limbic regions. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1994; 263(--):175-180. >>> Nortriptyline; Amitriptyline; Clomipramine; Alaproclate; Clonazepam; Alcohol; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML2; 14 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; dose-response (Table 1; pg. 177); enzyme inhibitor; clonazepam is a benzodiazepene; the others are monoamine uptake inhibitors.

P1577 Yakubu,M.A., Deighton,N.M., Hamilton,C.A., Reid,J.L. Differences in the regulation of [3H]idazoxan and [3H]yohimbine binding sites in the rabbit. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1990; 176(--):305-311. >>> Amitriptyline; Idazoxan; Norepinephrine; Saline; IP; IV (femoral); rabbit; 5, 10, 21 days; not clear that amitriptyline delivered by pumps.

P1513 Gravel,P., de Montigny,C. Noradrenergic denervation prevents sensitization of rat forebrain neurons to serotonin by tricyclic antidepressant treatment. Synapse 1987; 1(--):233-239. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; IP; rat; 2002; 14 days; comparison of ip injections vs. mp infusion; functionality of mp verified by brain concentration.

P1040 Nobrega,J.N., Coscina,D.V. Effects of chronic Amitriptyline and Desipramine on food intake and body weight in rats. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1987; 27(--):105-112. >>> Amitriptyline; Desipramine; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 2002; 21/28 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; 2 sep. exp. using mp.; DMI infused in pilot trails; comparison of ip inject. vs. mp infusion; drugs also adm. by food and water; mp replaced every 7/14 days.

P0908 Frey,P. Changes in cholecystokinin content in rat brain after subchronic treatment with neuroleptics. Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci. 1985; 448(--):601-603. >>> Flupenthixol, cis-; Flupenthixol, trans-; Amitriptyline; Amphetamine; Atropine; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Fluphenazine; Haloperidol; Morphine; Prazosin; SC; rat; 2 weeks; mp model not stated; comparison of sc injections vs. mp infusion; antihypertensive.

P0694 Lloyd,K.G., Thuret,F., Pilc,A. Upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B binding sites in rat frontal cortex: a common action of repeated administration of different classes of antidepressants and electroshock. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1985; 235(-1-):191-199. >>> Maprotiline; Nomifensine; Amitriptyline; Citalopram; Desipramine; Pargyline; Trazodone; Viloxazine; Zimeldine; SC; rat; 2002; 6-18 days; comparison of agents effects; comparison of single dose ip injec vs. mp infusion and repeated ip injec of other psychotropic drugs vs. electroshock treatment; antihypertensive.

P0552 Pilc,A., Lloyd,K.G. Chronic antidepressants and GABA 'B' receptors: a GABA hypothesis of antidepressant drug action. Life Sci. 1984; 35(-21-):2149-2154. >>> Amitriptyline; Citalopram; Desipramine; Pargyline; Viloxazine; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 18 days; comparison of acute ip injec vs. mp infusion; comparison of agents effects; antihypertensive.

P0384 Nobrega,J.N., Coscina,D.V. Effects of chronic antidepressant treatment on feeding behavior in rats. In 'Neural Basis of Feeding and Reward,' B.G.Hoebel and D.Novin (eds.), Haer Institute, Brunswick, ME 1982; (--):525-534. >>> Amitriptyline; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 2002; 21 and 25 days; 2001 pumps replaced every week; mp used in 3 separate experiments.

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4. Befloxatone

P4052 Haddjeri,N., de Montigny,C., Curet,O., Blier,P. Effect of the reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor befloxatone on the rat 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotransmission. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1998; 343(--):179-192. >>> Befloxatone; Pindolol; Water; Ethanol; SC; rat; 2, 21 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; befloxatone is an antidepressant; agents infused separately or concomitantly; antihypertensive.

P2843 Mongeau,R., de Montigny,C., Blier,P. Electrophysiologic evidence for desensitization of a2-adrenoceptors on serotonin terminals following long-term treatment with drugs increasing norepinephrine synaptic concentration. Neuropsychopharm. 1994; 10(-1-):41-51. >>> Befloxatone; Nisoxetine; Paroxetine; SC; rat; 3 weeks; antidepressant; controls received mp with saline; in vitro studies were also done (p49).

P2644 Blier,P., Bouchard,C. Modulation of 5-HT release in the guinea-pig brain following long-term administration of antidepressant drugs. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1994; 113(--):485-495. >>> Paroxetine; Befloxatone; Ethanol; Water; guinea-pig; 2 or 21 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicles; Paroxetine is a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and Befloxatone is a Type A monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).

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5. Bupropion

P8069 Mitchell,H.A., Ahern,T.H., Liles,L.C., Javors,M.A., Weinshenker,D. The effects of norepinephrine transporter inactivation on locomotor activity in mice. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 60(-10-):1046-1052. >>> Reboxetine; bupropion; imipramine; desipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 18-20 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; no stress (see p.1049); post op. care (Buprenorphine); animal info (male, female, C57BL6/J, 3-7 months old); 50% ETOH vehicle for desipramine; mp primed 1 day in 37 celsius saline.

P7901 Ahern,T.H., Javors,M.A., Eagles,D.A., Martillotti,J., Mitchell,H.A., Liles,L.C., Weinshenker,D. The effects of chronic norepinephrine transporter inactivation on seizure susceptibility in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-4-):730-738. >>> Reboxetine; sertraline; desipramine; bupropion; imipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug levels; dose-response (fig. 4); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 731) Dbh -/- mice did not tolerate mp surgery well and showed signs of general malaise. All other mice strains showed no stress.; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (female, male, 3-7 month old; C57BL/6J NET -/- or wt; 257BL/6J 129SvEv Dbh -/-, +/-) 50% ethanol; mp primed 2 days in 37 celsius saline; "we achieved serum levels that fell within or very close to human therapeutic range for each drug with the exception of sertraline." (pg. 732).

P7867 Malin,D.H., Lake,J.R., Smith,T.D., Khambati,H.N., Meyers-Paal,R.L., Montellano,A.L., Jennings,R.E., Erwin,D.S., Presley,S.E., Perales,B.A. Bupropion attenuates nicotine abstinence syndrome in the rat. Psychopharmacology 2006; 184(-3-4-):494-503. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; bupropion HCL; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute SC injection vs. mp; pumps replaced after 7 days; dependence; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 389-468g.).

P7421 Siegel,S.J., Maxwell,C.R., Majumdar,S., Trief,D.F., Lerman,C., Gur,R.E., Kanes,S.J., Liang,Y. Monoamine reuptake inhibition and nicotine receptor antagonism reduce amplitude and gating of auditory evoked potentials. Neuroscience 2005; 133(-3-):729-738. >>> Bupropion, HCL; haloperidol; Water; SC; Mice; 1002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (C57BL/6J, 10-16 weeks old).

P0919 DeVane,C.L., Laizure,S.C., Cameron,D.F. The effect of experimentally-induced renal failure on accumulation of bupropion and its major basic metabolites in plasma and brain of guinea pigs. Psychopharmacology 1986; 89(--):404-408. >>> Bupropion; IP; guinea-pig; 4 days; dose-response; half-life data for bupropion.

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6. Citalopram

P8108 Dremencov,E., El Mansari,M., Blier,P. Noradrenergic augmentation of escitalopram response by risperidone: Electrophysiologic studies in the rat brain. Biological Psychiatry 2007; 61(-5-):671-678. >>> Citalopram; escitalopram; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g.).

P8178 Robichaud,M., Debonnel,G. Allopregnanolone and ganaxolone increase the firing activity of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic neurons in female rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 9(-2-):191-200. >>> Allopregnanolone; citalopram; RU-486; ganaxolone; Water, distilled; ethanol; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 250-325 grams); 3% ethanol used.

P8147 Kugelberg,F.C., Alkass,K., Kingbaeck,M., Carlsson,B. Influence of blood loss on the pharmacokinetics of citalopram. Forensic Science International 2006; 161(-2-3-):163-168. >>> Citalopram HBr; Saline; propylene glycol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ agent without blood loss; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; comparison of oral adminisration vs. mp; no stress (see p.166); good methods; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300g.); mp primed overnight in 37 celsius saline.

P7536 Uys,J.D.K., Muller,C.J.F., Marais,L., Harvey,B.H., Stein,D.J., Daniels,W.M.U. Early life trauma decreases glucocorticoid receptors in rat dentate gyrus upon adult re-stress: Reversal by escitalopram. Neuroscience 2006; 137(-2-):619-625. >>> Escitalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 46 days old); SSRI.

P7443 Hasegawa,S., Watanabe,A., Nguyen,K.Q., Debonnel,G., Diksic,M. Chronic administration of citalopram in olfactory bulbectomy rats restores brain 5-HT synthesis rates: an autoradiographic study. Psychopharmacology 2005; 179(-4-):781-790. >>> Citalopram, hydrobromide; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume analysis; replacement therapy (olafactory bulbectomy); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150-180 g).

P7442 Jongsma,M.E., Bosker,F.J., Cremers,T.I.F.H., Westerink,B.H.C., den Boer,J.A. The effect of chronic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment on serotonin1B receptor sensitivity and HPA axis activity. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY&BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2005; 29(-5-):738-744. >>> Citalopram, hydrobromide; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 15 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced at 14 days; animal info (male, 285-320 g).

P7393 Thakker,D.R., Natt,F., Huesken,D., van der Putten,H., Maier,R., Hoyer,D., Cryan,J.F. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the serotonin transporter in the adult mouse brain. Molecular Psychiatry 2005; 10(-8-):782-789. >>> RNA, small interfering; citalopram; RNA, mm; RNAi buffer, isotonic; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; gene therapy; downregulation of SERT; animal info (male, BALB/C, 19-29 g); "maximally effective RNAi response requires 2 weeks of siRNA infusion." P. 783; behavioral study.

P7373 Hesketh,S., Jessop,D.S., Hogg,S., Harbuz,M.S. Differential actions of acute and chronic citalopram on the rodent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to acute restraint stress. Journal of Endocrinology 2005; 185(-3-):373-382. >>> Citalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; mp stored in sterile saline for 12 hours prior to implantation; "Chronic citalopram infusion unlike acute citalopram treatment did not alter baseline hormone levels when given by minipump." (p. 378).

P7266 Grandoso,L., Torrecilla,M., Pineda,J., Ugedo,L. Alpha2-Adrenoceptor involvement in the in vitro inhibitory effect of citalopram on a subpopulation of rat locus coeruleus neurons. European Journal of Pharmacology 2005; 517(-1-2-):51-58. >>> Citalopram; duloxetine; Saline; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor.

P7051 Ceglia,I., Acconcia,S., Fracasso,C., Colovic,M., Caccia,S., Invernizzi,R.W. Effects of chronic treatment with escitalopram or citalopram on extracellular 5-HT in the prefrontal cortex of rats: role of 5-HT1A receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology 2004; 142(-3-):469-478. >>> Citalopram oxalate, s-; citalopram, hydrobromide; PBS; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2,13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 470).

P6795 Russo-Neustadt,A.A., Alejandre,H., Garcia,C., Ivy,A.S., Chen,M.J. Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression following treatment with reboxetine, citalopram, and physical exercise. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29(-12-):2189-2199. >>> Citalopram; reboxetine; SC; Rat; 2,7,14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; "Reboxetine was infused via osmotic minipump in this experiment because sores developed on injection sites when reboxetine was administered IP (injection) for more than 7 consecutive days." (p. 2190)..

P5863 Wegener,G., Volke,V., Harvey,B.H., Rosenberg,R. Local, but not systemic, administration of serotonergic antidepressants decreases hippocampal nitric oxide synthase activity. Brain Research 2003; 959(-1-):128-134. >>> Citalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute SC injections vs chronic mp; antidepressant.

P5634 Wegener,G., Bandpey,Z., Heiberg,I.L., Mork,A., Rosenberg,R. Increased extracellular serotonin level in rat hippocampus induced by chronic citalopram is augmented by subchronic lithium: neurochemical and behavioral studies in the rat. Psychopharmacology 2003; 166(-2-):188-194. >>> Citalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 20 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute injections vs. chronic mp; antidepressant..

R0175 Baumann,P., Zullino,D.F., Eap,C.B. Enantiomers' potential in psychopharmacology - a critical analysis with special emphasis on the antidepressant escitalopram. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 12(-5-):433-444. >>> Escitalopram; SC; Rat; ; Antidepressant; Pump mentioned p. 441.

P5849 Rausch,J.L., Gillespie,C.F., Fei,Y., Hobby,H.M., Stoming,T., Ganapathy,V., Leibach,F.H. Antidepressant effects on kinase gene expression patterns in rat brain. Neuroscience Letters 2002; 334(-2-):91-94. >>> Citalopram, hydrobromide; Fluoxetine, HCL; Saline, sterile; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; Citalopram&Fluoxetine (antidepressants) were dissolved in 50% ethanol&50% saline.

P3761 Szabo,S.T., de Montigny,C., Blier,P. Modulation of noradrenergic neuronal firing by selective serotonin reuptake blockers. British J.Pharmacol. 1999; 126(--):568-571. >>> Paroxetine; Citalopram; Water; Ethanol; SC; rat; 2 days; 3 weeks; antidepressant; controls received mp w/vehicle.

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7. Clomipramine

P5490 Dremencov,E., Gur,E., Lerer,B., Newman,M.E. Effects of chronic antidepressants and electroconvulsive shock on serotonergic neurotransmission in the rat hypothalamus. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY&BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2002; 26(-6-):1029-1034. >>> Clomipramine; venlafaxine; Mice; 28 days; Antidepressants.

P3352 Todd,K.G., McManus,D.J., Baker,G.B. Chronic administration of the antidepressants phenelzine, despiramine, clomipramine, or maprotiline decreases binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptors without affecting benzodiazepine binding sites in rat brain. Cell.Molec.Neuro. 1995; 15(-3-):361-370. >>> Clomipramine; Fluoxetine; Desipramine; Phenelzine; Maprotiline; SC; rat; 2ML4; 21 days; antidepressant; no comment posted.

P3187 Aulakh,C.S., Mazzola-Pomietto,P., Murphy,D.L. Long-term antidepressant treatments alter 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor-mediated hyperthermia in fawn-hooded rats. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1995; 282(--):65-70. >>> Imipramine; Clomipramine; Clorgyline; SC; rat; 2002; 21 days; antidepressant; controls received mp with saline.

P2800 Allison,K., Ivanova,S., Greenshaw,A.J. Behavioural response to SKF 38393 and quinpirole following chronic antidepressant treatment. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1995; 277(--):139-144. >>> Desipramine HCl; Clomipramine HCl; Phenelzine sulfate; Clorgyline HCl; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML4; 28 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; all agents are antidepressants.

P3668 Lesch,K.P., Aulakh,C.S., Wolozin,B.L., Tolliver,T.J., Hill,J.L., Murphy,D.L. Regional brain expression of serotonin transporter mRNA and its regulation by reuptake inhibiting antidepressants. Mol.Brain Research 1993; 17(--):31-35. >>> Imipramine; Clomipramine; Desipramine; Fluoxetine; Clorgyline; 8-OH-DPAT; MCPP; DOI; Saline; SC; rat; 21 days; controls received mp w/ saline; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; agents are antidepressants; DOI is l-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane.

P3067 Mousseau,D.D., McManus,D.J., Baker,G.B., Juorio,A.V., Dewhurst,W.G., Greenshaw,A.J. Effects of age and chronic antidepressant treatment on [3H]tryptamine and [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding to rat cortical membranes. Cell.Molec.Neuro. 1993; 13(-1-):3-13. >>> Imipramine HCl; Desipramine HCl; Clomipramine HCl; Tranylcypromine HCl; Phenelzine sulfate; Clorgyline HCl; Deprenyl HCl; SC; rat; 2002; 2ML4; 14,28 days; antidepressant; controls received mp with vehicle; drug concentrations determined from Greenshaw program.

P2596 Allison,K., Paetsch,P.R., Baker,G.B., Greenshaw,A.J. Chronic antidepressant drug treatment attenuates motor-suppressant effects of apomorphine without changing [3H]GBR 12935 binding. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1993; 249(--):125-131. >>> Desipramine HCl; Phenelzine sulfate; Clomipramine HCl; SC; rat; 2ML4; 28 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ distilled water; enzyme inhibitor; phenelzine sulfate is an MAO inhibitor.

P2365 Mitchell,P.J., Redfern,P.H. Chronic treatment with clomipramine and mianserin increases the hierarchial position of subdominant rats housed in triads. Behav.Pharmacology 1992; 3(--):239-247. >>> Clomipramine; Mianserin; Water; SC; rat; 2002; 7/14 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ water or sham op; no stress (see pg. 241).

P2005 Ortiz,J., Artigas,F. Effects of monoamine uptake inhibitors on extracellular and platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat blood: different effects of clomipramine and fluoxetine. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1992; 105(--):941-946. >>> Clomipramine; Fluoxetine; DMSO; Tween; SC; rat; 2002; 14 days; antidepressant; comparison of injections vs. mp; clomipramine dissolved in tween and fluoxetine dissolved in DMSO; short half-life of clomipramine discussed p. 943; serotonin uptake inhibitors.

P1781 Benkelfat,C., Aulakh,C.S., Bykov,V., Rice,K.C., De Costa,B.R., Rothman,R.B. Apparent down-regulation if rat brain m- and k-opioid binding sites labelled with (3H)cycloFOXY following chronic administration of the potent 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake blocker, clomipramine. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 1989; 41(--):865-867. >>> Clomipramine; SC; rat; 3, 28 days; controls received pumps with saline.

P1365 Mousseau,D.D., Greenshaw,A.J. Chronic effects of clomipramine and clorgyline on regional levels of brain amines and acid metabolites in rats. J.Neural Transm. 1989; 75(--):73-79. >>> Clomipramine HCl; Clorgyline HCl; Water; SC; rat; 2ML4; 28 days; no comment posted.

P1312 Kurata,K., Kurachi,M., Tanii,Y. Distribution of clomipramine in various brain regions of rats under steady-state serum concentrations. Psychopharmacology 1988; 95(--):167-170. >>> Clomipramine HCl; Water; SC; rat; 2ML1; 2, 7 days; functionality of mp verified by serum and tissue levels.

P1307 Aulakh,C.S., Wozniak,K.M., Hill,J.L., Murphy,D.L. Differential effects of long-term antidepressant treatments on 8-OHDPAT-induced increases in plasma prolactin and corticosterine in rats. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1988; 156(--):395-400. >>> Clomipramine HCl; Clorgyline HCl; Imipramine HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 28 days; pump replaced at 2 weeks.

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8. Cotinine

P3372 Geng,Y., Savage,S.M., Razani-Boroujerdi,S., Sopori,M.L. Effects of nicotine on the immune response II. Chronic nicotine treatment induces T cell anergy. J.Immunol. 1996; 156(--):2384-2390. >>> Nicotine base; Cotinine; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; antidepressant; controls received mp w/saline; immunology.

P3402 Geng,Y., Savage,S.M., Johnson,L.J., Seagrave,J.C., Sopori,M.L. Effects of nicotine on the immune response. I. Chronic exposure to nicotine impairs antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction in lymphocytes. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 1995; 135(--):268-278. >>> Nicotine base; Cotinine; Saline, sterile; rat; 2ML4; 3-4 weeks; antidepressant; controls received mp w/saline; functionality of mp verified by residual volume and serum levels; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; half-life of nicotine in serum is 3-9 minutes (p.269); immunology; toxicology.

P1230 Gabrielsson,J., Bondesson,U. Constant-rate infusion of nicotine and cotinine. A physiological pharmacokinetic analysis of the cotinine disposition, and effects on clearance and distribution in the rat. J.Pharmacokinet.Biopharm. 1987; 15(-6-):583-600. >>> Cotinine; Nicotine; IV (jugular); rat; 2ML1; 6 days; mp connected to silastic catheter; dose-response (graph); pump primed in saline 2 hours prior to insertion.

T0006 Prevo,M.E. Regimen dependent embryotoxicity of nicotine in rats. Dissertation, San Jose State University 1985; (--):-. >>> Cotinine; Nicotine; Saline; SC; rat (pregnant); 2001; 7 days; comparison of injection vs. mp infusion; dose-response; teratology.

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9. Desipramine

P8344 Bondi,C.O., Barrera,G., Lapiz,M.D.S., Bedard,T., Mahan,A., Morilak,D.A. Noradrenergic facilitation of shock-probe defensive burying in lateral septum of rats, and modulation by chronic treatment with desipramine. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY&BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2007; 31(-2-):482-495. >>> Desipramine; Ethanol; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 7, 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma DMI levels; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; post op. care (penicillin G); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams); 10% ETOH.

P8117 Gould,G.G., Javors,M.A., Frazer,A. Effect of chronic administration of duloxetine on serotonin and norepinephrine transporter binding sites in rat brain. Biological Psychiatry 2007; 61(-2-):210-215. >>> Duloxetine; desipramine; paroxetine; Ethanol; water; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum agent concentrations; dose-response (p.211); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 125-150g).

P7542 Clinton,S.M., Sucharski,I.L., Finlay,J.M. Desipramine attenuates working memory impairments induced by partial loss of catecholamines in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology 2006; 183(-4-):404-412. >>> Desipramine HCl; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 406); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-250 g); 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex; norepinephrine uptake inhibitor.

P6901 Bonanno,G., Giambelli,R., Raiteri,L., Tiraboschi,E., Zappettini,S., Musazzi,L., Raiteri,M., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Chronic antidepressants reduce depolarization-evoked glutamate release and protein interactions favoring formation of SNARE complex in hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-13-):3270-3279. >>> Fluoxetine; reboxetine; desipramine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; 5% ethanol used.

P6998 Tiraboschi,E., Tardito,D., Kasahara,J., Moraschi,S., Pruneri,P., Gennarelli,M., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Selective phosphorylation of nuclear CREB by fluoxetine is linked to activation of CaM kinase IV and MAP kinase cascades. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29(-10-):1831-1840. >>> Fluoxetine; desipramine; reboxetine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute IP injections vs. mp; 5% ethanol.

P6933 Tiraboschi,E., Giambelli,R., D'Urso,G., Galietta,A., Barbon,A., de Bartolomeis,A., Gennarelli,M., Barlati,S., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Antidepressants activate CaMKII in neuron cell body by Thr286 phosphorylation. NeuroReport 2004; 15(-15-):2393-2396. >>> Desipramine; reboxetine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; 5% ethanol used; antidepressants.

P6746 Garcia,A.S., Barrera,G., Burke,T.F., Ma,S., Hensler,J.G., Morilak,D.A. Autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of norepinephrine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex is maintained after chronic desipramine treatment. Journal of Neurochemistry 2004; 91(-3-):683-693. >>> Desipramine, free base; Ethanol; water, sterile distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg.684) skin lesions developed at mp site associated specifically with NA reuptake blocking drugs and not with vehicle; mp relocation to contralateral side after 10 days to prvent lesions..

P6501 Benmansour,S., Altamirano,A.V., Jones,D.J., Sanchez,T.A., Gould,G.G., Pardon,M.C., Morilak,D.A., Frazer,A. Regulation of the norepinephrine transporter by chronic administration of antidepressants. Biological Psychiatry 2004; 55(-3-):313-316. >>> Desipramine; paroxetine; Ethanol; water; SC; Rat; 3,6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 50% ethanol.

R0154 Frazer,A., Benmansour,S. Delayed pharmacological effects of antidepressants. Molecular Psychiatry 2002; 7(--):S23-S28. >>> Desipramine; Paroxetine; Sertraline; Phenelzine; Rat; 4, 10, 15, 21 days; Antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicle; brain tissue distribution; review article mentions several pK studies on chronic infusion of antidepressants.

P5414 Weinshenker,D., White,S.S., Javors,M.A., Palmiter,R.D., Szot,P. Regulation of norepinephrine transporter abundance by catecholamines and desipramine in vivo. Brain Research 2002; 946(-2-):239-246. >>> Desipramine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice (knockout); 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antidepressant; norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; 50% ethanol used.

P4797 Grant,M.M., Weiss,J.M. Effects of chronic antidepressant drug administration and electroconvulsive shock on locus coeruleus electrophysiologic activity. Biological Psychiatry 2001; 49(--):117-129. >>> Desipramine, HCl; Imipramine; Phenelzine sulfate; Fluoxetine, HCl; Sertraline, HCl;; Saline; PEG;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2; 2ML4;; 14 or 30 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antidepressant; functionality of mp verified by antidepressant blood levels vs. IP injection; dose-response (table, text p. 123-124); no stress (see p. 119 "consequences of daily handling and injection were therefore avoided in the present study"); desipramine, imipramine, and phenelzine were delivered in saline vehicle; fluoxetine and sertraline were delivered in 75% PEG and 25% saline; the agents are all clinical antidepressants;.

P2767 Nakamura,S. Effects of phospholipase a2 inhibitors on the antidepressant-induced axonal regeneration of noradrengeric locus coeruleus neurons. Microscopy Res.and Tech. 1994; 29(--):204-210. >>> Desipramine HCl; Mepacrine HCl; Bromphenacyl bromide, 4-; Saline; DMSO; CSF/CNS (cortex); rat; 2002; >2 weeks; antidepressant; mepacrine and 4-bromphenacyl bromide are phospholipase a2 inhibitors; 2 pumps implanted: one delivered just desipramine to one hemisphere, while the other infused desipramine and pla2 inhibitors to the other hemisphere.

P2743 Dennis,T., Beauchemin,V., Lavoie,N. Antidepressant-induced modulation of GABAA receptors and B-adrenoceptors but not GABAB receptors in the frontal cortex of olfactory bulbectomised rats. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1994; 262(--):143-148. >>> Clorgyline; Paroxetine; Desipramine; Saline, isotonic; SC; rat; 21 days; controls received mp w/ saline or no bulbectomy; enzyme inhibitor; clorgyline is an MAO inhibitor; all agents are antidepressants.

P2732 Goodnough,D.B., Baker,G.B. 5-Hydroxytryptamine2 and B-adrenergic receptor regulation in rat brain following chronic treatment with desipramine and fluoxetine alone and in combination. J.Neurochem. 1994; 62(--):2262-2268. >>> Fluoxetine; Desipramine; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML2; 14 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicle; agents infused separately and together.

P2906 Paetsch,P.R., Greenshaw,A.J. Effects of chronic antidepressant treatment on B-adrenoceptor subtype binding in the rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Mol.and Chem.Neuropathy 1993; 20(--):21-31. >>> Desipramine HCl; Tranylcypromine HCl; Phenelzine sulfate; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML4; 28 days; antidepressant; controls received mp with vehicle.

P2406 Paetsch,P.R., Greenshaw,A.J. Effects of chronic antidepressant treatment on dopamine-related [3-H] SCH 23390 and [3H] spiperone binding in the rat striatum. Cell.Molec.Neuro. 1992; 12(-6-):597-606. >>> Phenelzine sulfate; Tranylcypromine HCl; Desipramine HCl; Water; SC; rat; 2ML4; 28 days; antidepressant; no comment posted.

P2179 Assie,M.B., Charveron,M., Palmier,C., Puozzo,C., Moret,C., Briley,M. Effects of prolonged administration of milnacipran, a new antidepressant, on receptors and monoamine uptake in the brain of the rat. Neuropharmacology 1992; 31(-2-):149-155. >>> Milnacipran; Desipramine; PEG 300; Water; rat; 2ML4; 27 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by blood levels (p. 151); comparison of oral administration vs. mp; stress/adverse reaction: skin necrosis w/desipramine pumps; route not stated.

P2907 Paetsch,P.R., Greenshaw,A.J. B-adrenergic effects on plasma and brain large neutral amino acids are unaltered by chronic administration of antidepressants. J.Neurochem. 1991; 56(--):2027-2032. >>> Phenelzine sulfate; Desipramine HCl; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML4; 28 days; antidepressant; controls received mp with water.

P2357 McManus,D.J., Mousseau,D.D., Paetsch,P.R., Wishart,T.B., Greenshaw,A.J. B-adrenoceptors and antidepressants: possible 2-phenylethylamine mediation of chronic phenelzine effects. Biol.Psychiatry 1991; 30(--):1122-1130. >>> Imipramine; Desipramine; Tranylcypromine; Water; SC; rat; 2ML2; 28 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced at 14 days.

P1695 Kubota,H., Asakura,M., Tsukamoto,T., Imafuku,J., Nishizaki,J., Sato,A., Nakanishi,J., Ogawa,Y., Hasegawa,K. Mechanisms of the B-adrenoceptor down-regulation by the treatment with antidepressants in the rat cerebral cortex: effects of continuous administration of antidepressants by an osmotic pump. Jpn.J.Psychiatry Neurol. 1990; 44(-1-):135-136. >>> Tunicamycin; Cycloheximide; Desipramine; Fluoxetine; Mianserin; Trazodone; CSF/CNS; SC; rat; 2001; 2ML1; 4-7 days; comparison of sc injections vs. mp; cyclo. and tunica. delivered icv for 5 days.

P1796 Barber,N.I., Teicher,M.H., Baldessarini,R.J. Effects of selective monoaminergic reuptake blockade on activity rhythms in developing rats. Psychopharmacology 1989; 97(--):343-348. >>> GBR-13069; Desipramine; Zimelidine; SC; rat; 5 days; no comment posted.

P1476 Teixeira,A.A., Azevedo,I., Branco,D., Rodrigues-Pereira,E., Osswald,W. Sympathetic denervation caused by long-term noradrenaline infusions; prevention by desipramine and superoxide dismutase. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1989; 97(--):95-102. >>> Desipramine HCl; Norepinephrine; tempol; EDTA; Heparin; Saline; IV (saphenous); dog; 2ML1; 5 days; dose-response; implanted sc above the knee; functionality of mp verified by visual inspection of sectioned pump and by serum levels; tissue perfusion; animal info (m, 9-15 kg); 5000 Units of heparin.

P1121 Bradford,L.D., Tulp,M.T.M., Schipper,J. Biochemical effects in rats after acute and long-term treatment with clovoxamine. Arch.Int.Pharmacodyn. 1987; 287(-2-):188-202. >>> Clovoxamine; Desipramine; SC; rat; 2ML4; 3 weeks; controls received appropriate vehicle; concomitant infusion of agents; comparison of agents effects; comparison of 2x/day ip injections vs. mp infusion.

P0553 Aulakh,C.S., Cohen,R.M., Pradhan,S.N., Murphy,D.L. Long-term desipramine treatment attenuates clonidine-induced suppression of ventral tegmental self-stimulation. Life Sci. 1985; 36(-5-):443-447. >>> Desipramine; SC; rat; 1-3 weeks; pump replaced after 2 weeks;controls rats were sham-implanted; clonidine challenge given ip.

P0560 Dooley,D.J., Hauser,K.L. Subchronic infusion of clenbuterol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, decreases the cerebellar beta receptor. Neurosci.Lett. 1983; 36(--):93-97. >>> Salbutamol sulfate, di-; Clenbuterol HCl; Desipramine HCl; Isoproterenol HCl, dl-; Ascorbic acid, l-; Water; SC; rat; 2001; 8 days; comparison of agents effects.

P0514 Dooley,D.J., Bittiger,H., Hauser,K.L., Bischoff,S.F., Waldmeier,P.C. Alteration of central alpha2- and beta-adrenergic receptors in the rat after DSP-4, a selective noradrenergic neurotoxin. Neuroscience 1983; 9(-4-):889-898. >>> Clenbuterol HCl; Desipramine HCl; Water; SC; rat; 2001; 1 week; comparison of agents effects.

P0513 Dooley,D.J., Hauser,K.L., Bittiger,H. Differential decrease of the central beta-adrenergic receptor in the rat after subchronic infusion of desipramine and clenbuterol. Neurochem.Int. 1983; 5(-3-):333-338. >>> Clenbuterol HCl; Desipramine HCl; Water; SC; rat; 2001; 8 days; comparison of agents effects; states mp is useful alternative method of admin.

P0338 Williams,M., Risley,E.A., Robinson,J.L. Chronic in vivo treatment with desmethylimipramine and mianserin does not alter adenosine A-1 radioligand binding in rat cortex. Neurosci.Lett. 1983; 35(--):47-51. >>> Desipramine; Mianserin; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2-3 weeks; comparison of agents effects; DMI 2 wks, Mianserin 3 wks.

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10. Duloxetine

P4238 Rueter,L.E., de Montigny,C., Blier,P. Electrophysiological characterization of the effect of long-term duloxetine administration on the rat serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1998; 285(-2-):404-412. >>> Duloxetine; Ethanol; Water; SC; rat; 2,21 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; antidepressant; 50% ethanol used, which is not recommended by the manufacturer;.

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11. Fluoxetine

P8166 Di Benedetto,M., D'Addario,C., Candeletti,S., Romualdi,P. Alterations of CREB and DARPP-32 phosphorylation following cocaine and monoaminergic uptake inhibitors. Brain Research 2007; 1128(-1-):33-39. >>> Cocaine; fluoxetine; GBR12909; nisoxetine; Water, sterile; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 37); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams).

P7761 Huang,G.J., Herbert,J. Stimulation of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the adult rat by fluoxetine requires rhythmic change in corticosterone. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 59(-7-):619-624. >>> Fluoxetine; DPAT, 8-OH-; Water; propylene glycol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 14, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Lister hooded, male, 250-300g., 9-10 wk old).

P7543 Cryan,J.F., Page,M.E., Lucki,I. Differential behavioral effects of the antidepressants reboxetine, fluoxetine, and moclobemide in a modified forced swim test following chronic treatment. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-3-):335-344. >>> Reboxetine hydrobromide; fluoxetine hydrobromide; moclobemide; Ethanol; saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 2ML2; 3, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or saline; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response (fig. 1); post op. care (providone-iodine antiseptic ointment); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 350-500 g); 50% ethanol.

P7377 Vartazarmian,R., Malik,S., Baker,G.B., Boksa,P. Long-term effects of fluoxetine or vehicle administration during pregnancy on behavioral outcomes in guinea pig offspring. Psychopharmacology 2005; 178(-2-3-):328-338. >>> Fluoxetine; DMSO; water; SC; Guinea-Pig (pregnant); 44 days; Functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; pumps replaced on day 22&44; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 335) Hyperalgesia in control group (suggested it could be the DMSO); half-life (p. 331); teratology; 10, 15, 209 DMSO; 14d&28d pumps used; "use of the 28-day pump also minimizes the number of surgical pump implantations needed to maintain drug delivery throughout pregnancy." p. 332.

P7295 Amargos-Bosch,M., Artigas,F., Adell,A. Effects of acute olanzapine after sustained fluoxetine on extracellular monoamine levels in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. European Journal of Pharmacology 2005; 516(-3-):235-238. >>> Fluoxetine, HCL; DMSO; water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 50% DMSO.

P6640 Seager,M.A., Huff,K.D., Barth,V.N., Phebus,L.A., Rasmussen,K. Fluoxetine administration potentiates the effect of olanzapine on locus coeruleus neuronal activity. Biological Psychiatry 2004; 55(-11-):1103-1109. >>> Fluoxetine, HCL; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 3 weeks; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by brain and plasma drug levels; pumps replaced at days 7 and 14.

P6555 Di Benedetto,M., D'Addario,C., Collins,S., Izenwasser,S., Candeletti,S., Romualdi,P. Role of serotonin on cocaine-mediated effects on prodynorphin gene expression in the rat brain. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 2004; 22(-3-):213-222. >>> Fluoxetine, HCL; Water, sterile; SC; Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P5751 Castro,M.E., Diaz,A., del Olmo,E., Pazos,A. Chronic fluoxetine induces changes in G protein coupling at pre and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors in rat brain. Neuropharmacology 2003; 44(-1-):93-101. >>> Fluoxetine, HCL; Propylene glycol; ethanol; water, distilled; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Antidepressant; 50% propylene glycol, 10% ethanol,&40% water used as a vehicle.

P6164 Miro,X., Perez-Torres,S., Artigas,F., Puigdomemnech,P., Palacios,J.M., Mengod,G. Regulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase mRNAs expression in rat brain by acute and chronic fluoxetine treatment. An in situ hybridization study. Neuropharmacology 2002; 43(-7-):1148-1157. >>> Fluoxetine; Water; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; fluoxetine was dissolved in 50% DMSO and 50% water; "...fluoxetine was delivered by minipumps to prevent the injection-induced stress..." p. 1156.

P5193 Stout,S.C., Owens,M.J., Nemeroff,C.B. Regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity by stress and chronic antidepressant treatment. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2002; 300(-3-):1085-1092. >>> Reboxetine methanesulfonate; fluoxetine HCl; Venlafaxine HCl; Tranylcypromine HCl; Saline; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 26 or 27 days; antidepressant; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality verified by drug serum levels; 2ML2 pumps replaced after 2 weeks; 2ML4 pumps used for all antidepressants except fluoxetine, which required serial 2ML2 implantation due to solubility problems; venlafaxine given for 27 days; all other drugs infused for 26 days; fluoxetine vehicle was 12% DMSO.

P4300 Izenwasser,S., French,D., Carroll,F.I., Kunko,P.M. Continuous infusion of selective dopamine uptake inhibitors or cocaine produces time-dependent changes in rat locomotor activity. Behav.Brain Res. 1999; 99(--):201-208. >>> Cocaine; GBR 12909; Fluoxetine HCl; Nisoxetine HCl, RTI-117;; DMSO; Water, sterile;; SC;; rat;; 2001; 2ML1; 2ML2;; 7, 14 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ saline; RTI-117 is a dopamine uptake inhibitor; 2ML1 used to deliver GBR 12909, due to its limited solubility;.

P3817 Beck,S.G., Birnstiel,S., Choi,K.C., Pouliot,W.A. Fluoxetine selectively alters 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A and g-aminobutyric acid B receptor-mediated hyperpolarization in area CA1, but not area CA3, hippocampal pyramidal cells. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1997; 281(-1-):115-122. >>> Fluoxetine; DMSO; SC; rat; 3 weeks; antidepressant; controls received mp w/DMSO or saline.

P2006 Lesch,P.K., Hough,C.J., Aulakh,C.S., Wolozin,B.L., Tolliver,T.J., Hill,J.L., Akiyoshi,J., Chuang,D., Murphy,D.L. Fluoxetine modulates G protein as, aq, and a12 subunit mRNA expression in rat brain. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1992; 227(--):233-237. >>> Fluoxetine; SC; rat; 21 days; antidepressant; mps replaced at 2 wks; serotonin uptake inhibition.

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12. Fluvoxamine

P7312 Zhou,R., Gray,N.A., Yuan,P.X., Li,X.X., Chen,J.S., Chen,G., mschroder-Williams,P., Du,J., Zhang,L., Manji,H.K. The anti-apoptotic, glucocorticoid receptor cochaperone protein BAG-1 is a long-term target for the actions of mood stabilizers. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-18-):4493-4502. >>> Amphetamine; fluvoxamine; haloperidol; Water; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Functionality of mp verified by residual volume; 50% ethanol used [not suggested by ALZET].

P2641 Bosker,F.J., van Esseveldt,K.E., Klompmakers,A.A., Westenberg,H.G.M. Chronic treatment with fluvoxamine by osmotic minipumps fails to induce persistent functional changes in central 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors, as measured by in vivo microdialysis in dorsal hippocampus of conscious rats. Psychopharmacology 1995; 117(--):358-363. >>> Fluvoxamine; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML4; 21 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels and residual amount; stability verified at 38 degrees.

P2631 Bel,N., Artigas,F. Chronic treatment with fluvoxamine increases extracellular serotonin in frontal cortex but not in raphe nuclei. Synapse 1993; 15(--):243-245. >>> Fluvoxamine; SC; rat; 2002; 2 weeks; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ saline; microdialysis done concurrently.

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13. Imipramine

P8097 Fujita,M., Imaizumi,M., D'Sa,C., Zoghbi,S.S., Crescenzo,M.S., Hong,J.S., Musachio,J.L., Gee,A.D., Seidel,J., Green,M.V., Pike,V.W., Duman,R.S., Innis,R.B. In vivo and in vitro measurement of brain phosphodiesterase 4 in rats after antidepressant administration. Synapse 2007; 61(-2-):78-86. >>> Imipramine; Saline; SC; Rat; 20, 27 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 268-345g.); Positron emission tomography (PET); "To avoid injection-induced stress and fluctuations of imipramine and the metabolite levels, we administered imipramine using osmotic minipump" (p.84).

P6585 Colpaert,F.C., Tarayre,J.P., Koek,W., Pauwels,P.J., Bardin,L., Xu,X.J., Wiesenfeld-Hallin,Z., Cosi,C., Carilla-Durand,E., Assie,M.B., Vacher,B. Large-amplitude 5-HT1A receptor activation: a new mechanism of profound, central analgesia. Neuropharmacology 2002; 43(-6-):945-958. >>> F13640; morphine HCL; imipramine HCl; ketamine HCl; gabapentin; Water, double distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (fig. 3); comparison of IP&SC injections vs. mp; tolerance; dependence; "Continuous F 13640 infusion uniquely produced profound analgesia in this model of severe, chronic pain." (p. 955).

P5883 Gur,E., Lifschytz,T., Lerer,B., Newman,M.E. Effects of triiodothyronine and imipramine on basal 5-HT levels and 5- HT1 autoreceptor activity in rat cortex. European Journal of Pharmacology 2002; 457(-1-):37-43. >>> Imipramine; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline.

P5337 Slot,L.A.B., Tarayre,J.P., Koek,W., Ribet,J.P., Colpaert,F.C. Experimental conditions for the continuous subcutaneous infusion of four central analgesics in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2002; 72(-4-):943-951. >>> Morphine HCl; Ketamine HCl; Imipramine HCl; gabapentin; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; no stress (see pg. 947); 14 day stability verified by HPLC on all agents; the site of pump placement was massaged daily to avoid tissue adherance; opioid and non-opioid analgesics; body weight gain information provided.

P4171 Lai,C.-T., Tanay,V.A.-M.I., Charrois,G.J.R., Baker,G.B., Bateson,A.N. Effects of phenelzine and imipramine on the steady state levels of mRNAs that encode glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67 and GAD65), the GABA transporter GAT-1 and GABA transaminase in rat cortex. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1998; 357(--):32-38. >>> Phenelzine sulfate; Imipramine HCl; Water; SC; rat; 3,21 days; functionality of mp verified by characteristic responses to phenelzine (GABA levels and MAO activity); antidepressant.

P3498 Tanay,V.A.-M.I., Glencorse,T.A., Greenshaw,A.J., Baker,G.B., Bateson,A.N. Chronic administration of antipanic drugs alters rat brainstem GABA-A receptor subunit mRNA levels. Neuropharmacology 1996; 35(-9/10-):1475-1482. >>> Phenelzine; alprazolam; imipramine; buspirone; Water, sterile; DMSO; propylene glycol; SC; rat; 21 days; Antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps were turned in subcutaneous pocket to avoid fibrous tissue outgrowth.

P3357 Linnet,K., Koed,K., Wiborg,O., Gregersen,N. Serotonin depletion decreases serotonin transporter mRNA levels in rat brain. Brain Research 1995; 697(--):251-253. >>> Imipramine; SC; rat; 2002; 2ML4; 21 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/saline.

P2873 Wieland,S., Fischette,C.T., Lucki,I. Effect of chronic treatments with tandospirone and imipramine on serotonin-mediated behavioral responses and monoamine receptors. Neuropharmacology 1993; 32(-6-):561-573. >>> Tandospirone; Imipramine; 1-PP; Water, deionized; SC; rat; 2ML2; 14 days, 24 hours; antidepressant; controls received mp with saline; comparison of sc injections vs. mp; 1-PP is a tandospirone metabolite; tandospirone is an azapirone; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P2700 Meloni,D., Gambarana,C., Graziella de Montis,M., Dal Pra,P., Taddei,I., Tagliamonte,A. Dizocilpine antagonizes the effect of chronic imipramine on learned helplessness in rats. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1993; 46(--):423-426. >>> MK-801; Imipramine; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 2002; 21 days; antidepressant; controls received sham operation and ip saline injections; pumps replaced after 14 days; tolerance; dizolcipine is MK-801.

T0010 McManus,D.J. Effects of chronic antidepressant drug administration on gabaergic mechanisms in rat brain. UMI Dissertation Services 1992; (--):1-177. >>> Phenelzine sulfate; Tranylcypromine HCl; Imipramine HCl; Imipramine HCl, desmethyl-; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML4; 28 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/vehicle.

P2094 McManus,D.J., Greenshaw,A.J. Differential effects of antidepressants on GABAB and B-adrenergic receptors in rat cerebral cortex. Biochem.Pharmacol. 1991; 42(-8-):1525-1528. >>> Imipramine HCl, desmethyl-; Tranylcypromine HCl; Imipramine HCl; Phenelzine sulfate; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML4; 28 days; no comment posted.

P3656 Greco,A.M., Gambardella,P., Sticchi,R., D'Aponte,D., De Franciscis,P. Chronic administration of imipramine antagonizes deranged circadian rhythm phases in individually housed rats. Physiol.Behav. 1990; 48(--):67-72. >>> Imipramine HCl; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by serum imipramine levels; analyzed levels of serotonin, tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid and corticosterone.

P1773 Beck,S.G., Halloran,P.M. Imipramine alters B-adrenergic, but not serotonergic, mediated responses in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells. Brain Research 1989; 504(--):72-81. >>> Imipramine; SC; rat; 15 days; controls received pumps with saline only; tricyclic antidepressant.

P1161 Greco,A.M., Gambardella,P., Scopacasa,F., Sticchi,R., Santangelo,F., D'Aponte,D., De Franciscis,P. [Circadian rhythm of circulating prolactin] (Italian, English summary). Rass.Med.Sper. 1987; 33(-9/10-):277-282. >>> Imipramine; rat; 14 days; Pump model not stated; Italian paper w/ English summary, not much information given.

P1140 Gambardella,P., Greco,A.M., Sticchi,R., Santangelo,F., D'Aponte,D., De Franciscis,P. [Circadian rhythm of circulating corticosterone] (Italian, English summary). Boll.Soc.It.Biol.Sper. 1987; 62(-12-):1417-1424. >>> Imipramine; rat; 14 days; Pump model not stated; Italian paper with English summary.

P1071 Franciscis,P.D., Greco,A.M., Santangelo,F., Sticchi,R., Gambardella,P. Circadin rhythm of circulating corticosterone and urinary excretion of catecholamines, serotonin and their catabolites in rats treated with imipramine. Chronobiologia 1987; 14(--):13-20. >>> Imipramine HCl; Saline; Water; SC; rat; 2ML2; 14 days; controls received mp w/saline.

P0266 Wirz-Justice,A., Campbell,I.C. Antidepressant drugs can slow or dissociate circadian rhythms. Experientia 1982; 38(--):1301-1309. >>> Clorgyline; Imipramine; Water; SC; hamster; 2 weeks; comparison of agents effects on circadian rhythms.

P0265 Morgan,N.T., Vaughn,W.J., Rasband,W.S., Wehr,T.A., Wirz-Justice,A. A computer-based system for collection and analysis of circadian rest-activity data. Experientia 1982; 38(--):1296-1301. >>> Imipramine; SC; hamster; 10 days; analysis of circadian rest activity data.

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14. Lithium

P6711 Benoit,S.C., Air,E.L., Wilmer,K., Messerschmidt,P., Hodge,K.M.B., Jones,M.B., Eckstein,D.M.M., McOsker,C.C., Seeley,R.J., Woods,S.C., Sheldon,R.J. Two novel paradigms for the simultaneous assessment of conditioned taste aversion and food intake effects of anorexic agents. PHYSIOLOGY&BEHAVIOR 2003; 79(-4-5-):761-766. >>> Lithium Chloride; IP; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ equimolar saline; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg.764);.

P5723 Benoit,S.C., Sheldon,R.J., Air,E.L., Messerschmidt,P., Wilmer,K.A., Hodge,K.M.B., Jones,M.B., Eckstein,D.M.M., McOsker,C.C., Woods,S.C., Seeley,R.J. Assessment of the aversive consequences of acute and chronic administration of the melanocortin agonist, MTII. International Journal of Obesity 2003; 27(-5-):550-556. >>> MTII; Lithium chloride; IP; Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; comparison of IP, IV, SC injections vs. IP mp; MTII is a melanocortin agonist.

P2895 O'Connell,A.C., Bowen,W.H. Composition and flow rate of saliva and caries development in young rats following administration of lithium. Caries Res. 1994; 28(--):342-347. >>> Lithium carbonate; HCI; SC; rat; no duration posted; antidepressant; controls received no operation.

P2249 Eckel,L.A., Ossenkopp,K.-P. Novel diet consumption and body weight gain are reduced in rats chronically infused with lithium chloride: mediation by the chemosensitive area postrema. Brain Res.Bull. 1993; 31(--):613-619. >>> Lithium chloride; Water; IP; rat; 2001; 8 days; antidepressant; controls received empty pumps.

P2008 Qureshi,S.A., Buttar,H.S., McGilveray,I.J. Lithium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats following subcutaneous multiple injection and infusion using mini-osmotic pumps. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 1992; 18(--):616-620. >>> Lithium chloride; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML2; 8 days; antidepressant; 'constant blood levels, produced by the sc infusion method, resulted in less nephrotoxicity compared to the fluctuating plasma levels produced by inj.';functionality of mp verified by LiCl plasma levels;comparison of sc injections vs mp.

P1098 Klemfuss,H., Kripke,D.F. Potassium reduces lithium toxicity: Circadian rhythm actions are maintained. Life Sci. 1987; 40(--):2531-2538. >>> Lithium chloride; Water; SC; rat; 2ML4; 30 days; controls received mp w/water.

P0857 Barnes,J.C., Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J. Lithium and bupropion antagonise the phasic changes in locomotor activity caused by dopamine infused into the rat nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology 1986; 89(--):311-316. >>> Dopamine HCl; Lithium; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); IP; rat; 2002; 13 days; controls rec'd mps w/vehicle; mp connected to cannula in NC; mps&injection units primed overnight; lithium admin. ip; agents admin. simult. in 1 group; comparison of ip inject. vs mp infusion.

P0402 Bernstein,I.L., Goehler,L.E. Chronic lithium chloride infusions: conditioned suppression of food intake and preference. Behav.Neurosci. 1983; 97(-2-):290-298. >>> Lithium chloride; Water; IP; SC; rat; 2001; 1 week; control rats implanted w/ cleaned, spent pumps from previous use; 1 rat removed its sc implant. mp.

P0327 Smith,D.F., Amdisen,A. Central effects of lithium in rats: lithium levels, body weight and water intake. Acta Pharmacol.Toxicol. 1983; 52(--):81-85. >>> Lithium chloride; Saline; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 1 week; comparison of oral admin. vs. mp infusion.

P0181 Smith,D.F., Amdisen,A. Lithium distribution in rat brain after long-term central administration by minipump. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 1981; 33(--):805-806. >>> Lithium chloride; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 7 days; 2 pumps/animal; comparison of oral vs. infusion.

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15. Maprotiline

P0694 Lloyd,K.G., Thuret,F., Pilc,A. Upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B binding sites in rat frontal cortex: a common action of repeated administration of different classes of antidepressants and electroshock. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1985; 235(-1-):191-199. >>> Maprotiline; Nomifensine; Amitriptyline; Citalopram; Desipramine; Pargyline; Trazodone; Viloxazine; Zimeldine; SC; rat; 2002; 6-18 days; comparison of agents effects; comparison of single desip. ip injec vs. mp infusion and repeated ip injec of other psychotropic drugs vs. electroshock treatment; antihypertensive.

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16. Mianserin

P1756 Kurata,K., Kurachi,M. Heterogeneous distribution of mianserin in rat brain during chronic continuous infusion. Pharmacology 1989; 39(--):285-290. >>> Mianserin; DMSO; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2, 14 days; functionality of mp verified by measuring residual volume, serum drug levels; tetracyclic antidepressant, 5HT antagonists.

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17. Milnacipran

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18. Mirtazapine

P4703 Besson,A, Haddjeri,N., Blier,P., de Montigny,C. Effects of the co-administration of mirtazapine and paroxetine on serotonergic neurotransmission in the rat brain.. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2000; 10(--):177-188. >>> Mirtazapine; Paroxetine;; Water; Ethanol;; SC;; rat;; 2 or 21 days;; No stress (see pg; 178); Antidepressant treatment; 80:20 water/ethanol vehicle used in 2 day study; 50:50 water/ethanol vehicle used in 21 day study; multiple pumps per animal (2) used for mirtazapine-paroxetine combination group;.

P4647 Haddjeri,N., Blier,P., de Montigny,C. Acute and long-term actions of the antidepressant drug mirtazapine on central 5-HT neurotransmission.. Journal of Affective Disorders 1998; 51(--):255-266. >>> Mirtazapine; Pindolol;; NaCl; Ascorbic acid;; SC;; rat;; 2, 21 days;; controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IV injections vs mp; antidepressant; pindolol infused for 2 days; mirtazapine administered for 21 days..

P3445 Haddjeri,N., Blier,P., de Montigny,C. Effects of long-term treatment with the a(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist mirtazapine on 5-HT neurotransmission. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1997; 355(--):20-29. >>> Mirtazapine; ETOH; Water; SC; rat; 21 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; mirtazipine is also known as ORG 3770 or Remeron, and is a non-selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist and antidepressant.

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19. Nomifensine

P0694 Lloyd,K.G., Thuret,F., Pilc,A. Upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B binding sites in rat frontal cortex: a common action of repeated administration of different classes of antidepressants and electroshock. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1985; 235(-1-):191-199. >>> Maprotiline; Nomifensine; Amitriptyline; Citalopram; Desipramine; Pargyline; Trazodone; Viloxazine; Zimeldine; SC; rat; 2002; 6-18 days; comparison of agents effects; comparison of single desip. ip injec vs. mp infusion and repeated ip injec of other psychotropic drugs vs. electroshock treatment; antihypertensive.

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20. Nortriptyline

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21. Paroxetine

P7376 Hirano,K., Seki,T., Sakai,N., Kato,Y., Hashimoto,H., Uchida,S., Yamada,S. Effects of continuous administration of paroxetine on ligand binding site and expression of serotonin transporter protein in mouse brain. Brain Research 2005; 1053(-1-2-):154-161. >>> Paroxetine hydrochloride; Ethanol; water, distilled; SC; Mice; 2004; 5, 10, 15, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma drug concentration; dose-response (fig. 1); half-life (p. 157) 3.4 hours after oral admin.; 50% EZOH; "The subcutaneous implantation of the drug-containing osmotic minipump enabled the continuous administration of paroxetine... and succeeded in maintaining the mouse plasma paroxetine concentrations within therapeutic levels." (p.158).

P7088 Aubel,B., Kayser,V., Mauborgne,A., Farre,A., Hamon,M., Bourgoin,S. Antihyperalgesic effects of cizolirtine in diabetic rats: Behavioral and biochemical studies. Pain 2004; 110(-1-2-):22-32. >>> Cizolirtine; paroxetine hydrochloride; Saline; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes); dose-response (fig. 4); 20% DMSO.

P6062 Gould,G.G., Pardon,M.C., Morilak,D.A., Frazer,A. Regulatory effects of reboxetine treatment alone, or following paroxetine treatment, on brain noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28(-9-):1633-1641. >>> Paroxetine; reboxetine; Saline; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3,6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; RBX and PRX plasma levels taken; pumps replaced every 3 weeks; solution was filter sterilized; PRX was dissolved in 50% ETOH and RBX in saline; multiple doses used.

P5724 Konkle,A.T.M., Sreter,K.B., Baker,S.L., Bielajew,C. Chronic paroxetine infusion influences macronutrient selection in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2003; 74(-4-):883-890. >>> Paroxetine hydrochloride; Ethanol; water; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; vehicle consisted of 50% ethanol; antidepressant.

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22. Phenelzine

P4797 Grant,M.M., Weiss,J.M. Effects of chronic antidepressant drug administration and electroconvulsive shock on locus coeruleus electrophysiologic activity. Biological Psychiatry 2001; 49(--):117-129. >>> Desipramine HCl; Imipramine; Phenelzine sulfate; Fluoxetine HCl; Sertraline HCl;; Saline; PEG;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2; 2ML4;; 14 or 30 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antidepressant; functionality of mp verified by antidepressant blood levels vs. IP injection; dose-response (table, text p. 123-124); no stress (see p. 119 "consequences of daily handling and injection were therefore avoided in the present study"); desipramine, imipramine, and phenelzine were delivered in saline vehicle; fluoxetine and sertraline were delivered in 75% PEG and 25% saline; the agents are all clinical antidepressants;.

P2407 Paetsch,P.R., Baker,G.B., Greenshaw,A.J. Induction of functional down-regulation of beta-adrenoceptors in rats by 2-phenylethylamine. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 1993; 82(-1-):22-24. >>> Phenelzine sulfate; Phenylethylamine HCl, 2-; Deprenyl HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 2ML2; 21, 22 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P1300 Dyck,L.E., Juorio,A.V., Durden,D.A., Boulton,A.A. Effect of chronic deuterated and non-deuterated phenelzine on rat brain monoamines and monoamine oxidase. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1988; 337(--):279-283. >>> Phenelzine sulfate; Phenelzine, deuterated; Radio-isotopes; 2H tracer; Saline; Radio-isotopes; SC; rat; 13 days; no comment posted.

P0945 Juorio,A.V., Greenshaw,A.J., Boulton,A.A. Effects of acute and chronic phenelzine on regional monoamine metabolism in rats and its potentiation by deuterium substitution. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1986; 333(-3-):240-245. >>> Phenelzine sulfate; Phenelzine, deuterated; Saline; SC; rat; 13 days; mp model not stated; controls received mp w/saline; 4 doses of agent infused; comparison of single injection vs. mp infusion.

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23. Reboxetine

P5182 Page,M.E., Lucki,I. Effects of acute and chronic reboxetine treatment on stress-induced mo noamine efflux in the rat frontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 27(-2-):237-247. >>> Reboxetine; Water, deionized; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; reboxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant.

P4826 Szabo,S.T., Blier,P. Effect of the selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor reboxetine on the firing activity of noradrenaline and serotonin neurons. European Journal of Neuroscience 2001; 13(--):2077-2087. >>> Reboxetine;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2, 7, or 21 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 2079); comparison of injections vs. mp; Reboxetine is a non-tricyclic antidepressant;.

P4699 Invernizzi,R.W, Parini,S, Sacchetti,G, Fracasso,C, Caccia,S., Annoni,K, Samanin,R. Chronic treatment with reboxetine by osmotic pumps facilitates its effect on extracellular noradrenaline and may desensitize alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the prefrontal cortex.. British Journal of Pharmacology 2001; 132(--):183-188. >>> Reboxetine;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2;; 14 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; reboxetine is a noradrenaline (norepinephrine in U.S.A.) uptake inhibitor; antidepressants; prefrontal cortex; dose-response (table on p.186).

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24. Ritanserin

P3916 El,Mansari M., Blier,P. In vivo electrophysiological characterization of 5-HT receptors in the guinea pig head of caudate nucleus and orbitofrontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 1997; 36(-4/5-):577-588. >>> Metergoline; Ritanserin; SC; guinea-pig; 4 day; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ NaCl; comparison of IV injections vs. mp.

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25. Sertraline

P5318 Benmansour,S., Owens,W.A., Cecchi,M., Morilak,D.A., Frazer,A. Serotonin clearance in vivo is altered to a greater extent by antidepressant-induced downregulation of the serotonin transporter than by acute blockade of this transporter. Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 22(-15-):6766-6772. >>> Desipramine, HCl; Imipramine; Phenelzine sulfate; Fluoxetine, HCl; Sertraline, HCl;; Saline; PEG;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2; 2ML4;; 4, 10, 15, or 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antidepressant; functionality of mp verified by antidepressant blood levels vs. IP injection; dose-response (table, text p. 123-124); no stress (see p. 119 "consequences of daily handling and injection were therefore avoided in the present study"); desipramine, imipramine, and phenelzine were delivered in saline vehicle; fluoxetine and sertraline were delivered in 75% PEG and 25% saline; the agents are all clinical antidepressants;.

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26. Sulpiride

P2115 Zhou,L.-W., Zhang,S.-P., Welsh,S., Connell,T.A., Weiss,B. Triazolam blocks the initial rotational effects of quinpirole but permits the later developing reduction of dopamine D2-mediated rotational behavior and dopamine D2 receptors. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1992; 218(--):219-227. >>> Quinpirole HCl; Sulpiride; Triazolam; Ascorbic acid; DMSO; SC; mice; 2001; 6 days; Quinpirole is a dopamine agonist; antidepressant; stability verified in vitro for 7 days.

P1444 Ueda,H. Time course study of changes in the activity of rats during intraventricular infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine, haloperidol and sulpiride: a study of the relationship between an origin of the negative symptoms in schizophrenia and catecholamines. J.Iwate Med.Assoc. 1988; 40(-3-):385-398. >>> Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; Haloperidol; Sulpiride; CSF/CNS; rat; 8 days; Japanese, English abstract.

P0630 Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J. The continuity of dopamine receptor antagonism can dictate the long-term behavioural consequences of a mesolimibic infusion of dopamine. Neuropharmacology 1985; 2(-3-):193-197. >>> Dopamine HCl; Sulpiride; Nitrogen; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); IP; rat; 13 days; mp model not stated; comparison of SULP ip injec vs. mp infusion; 2 mp/rat - bilateral infusion; mp primed overnight; vehicles listed used w/DOP; concomitant SULP admin. ip.

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27. Tandospirone

P2279 Godbout,R.,, Chaput,Y., Blier,P., de Montigny,C. Tandospirone and its metabolite, 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine-I. effects of acute and long-term administration of tandospirone on serotonin neurotransmission. Neuropharmacology 1991; 30(-7-):679-690. >>> Tandospirone; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML2; 14 days; controls received mp w/saline; tandospirone is SM-3997, a 5-HT1A receptor ligand.

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28. Tianeptine

P3325 Pineyro,G., Deveault,L., Blier,P., Dennis,T., de Montigny,C. Effect of acute and prolonged tianeptine administration on the 5-HT transporter: electrophysiological, biochemical and radioligand binding studies in the rat brain. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1995; 351(--):111-118. >>> Tianeptine; SC; rat; 14 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/saline; comparison of IV injections vs. mp; half-life of tianeptine is 2.5 hrs, (p.117).

P2785 Pineyro,G., Deveault,L., de Montigny,C., Blier,P. Effect of prolonged administration of tianeptine on 5-HT neurotransmission: an electrophysiological study in the rat hippocampus and dorsal raphe. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1995; 351(--):119-125. >>> Tianeptine; SC; rat; 14 days; controls received mp w/ saline; tianeptine is a tricyclic antidepressant.

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29. Tranylcypromine

P2735 Goodnough,D.B., Baker,G.B., Mousseau,D.D., Greenshaw,A.J., Dewhurst,W.G. Effects of low- and high-dose tranylcypromine on [3H]tryptamine binding sites in the rat hippocampus and striatum. Neurochem.Res. 1994; 19(-1-):5-8. >>> Tranylcypromine; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML2; 4,10 or

References on the Administration of Antidepressants Using ALZET® Osmotic Pumps

1. Acetylphenelzine, N2

2. Adinazolam

3. Amitriptyline

4. Befloxatone

5. Bupropion

6. Citalopram

7. Clomipramine

8. Cotinine

9. Desipramine

10. Duloxetine

11. Fluoxetine

12. Fluvoxamine

13. Imipramine

14. Lithium

15. Maprotiline

16. Mianserin

17. Milnacipran

18. Mirtazapine

19. Nomifensine

20. Nortriptyline

21. Paroxetine

22. Phenelzine

23. Reboxetine

24. Ritanserin

25. Sertraline

26. Sulpiride

27. Tandospirone

28. Tianeptine

29. Tranylcypromine

References on the Administration of Antidepressants Using
ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps