References on the Administration of Cytokines Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

1. Colony-stimulating Factor, G

P7304 Ulyanova,T., Scott,L.M., Priestley,G.V., Jiang,Y., Nakamoto,B., Koni,P.A., Papayannopoulou,T. VCAM-1 expression in adult hematopoietic and nonhernatopoietic cells is controlled by tissue-inductive signals and reflects their developmental origin. Blood 2005; 106(-1-):86-94. >>> Colony-stimulating Factor, G; Flt-3 ligand; Mice (transgenic); mice; 2001; 5, 7 days; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; VCAM-1 ablated mice.

P4291 Roeder,I., de Haan,G., Engel,C., Nijhof,W., Dontje,B., Loeffler,M. Interactions of erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor, and interleukin-11 on murine hematopoiesis during simultaneous administration. Blood 1998/5/1; 91(-9-):3222-3229. >>> Interleukin-11; Stem cell factor; Colony-stimulating factor, G; Erythropoietin;; SC;; mice;; 2002; 1007D;; 7 days;; controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by pilot studies; no stress (see pg. 3223); peptides; recomb. human interleukin-11, EPO,&G-CSF used; recomb. rat stem cell factor used (pegylated);agents were given in every combination;.

P4121 Van Put,D.J.M., Van Osselaer,N., De Meyer,G.R.Y., Andries,L.J., Kockx,M.M., De Clerck,L.S., Bult,H. Role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in collar-induced intimal thickening in the rabbit carotid artery. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 1998; 18(--):915-921. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, G; SC; rabbit; 2ML2; 14 days; controls received mp w/5% glucose; immunology; peptides; cardiovascular.

P4380 Molineux,G., McCrea,C., Yan,X.Q., Kerzic,P., McNiece,I. Flt-3 ligand synergizes with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to increase neutrophil numbers and to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells with long-term repopulating potential.. Blood 1997/6/1; 89(-11-):3998-4004. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, G; Flt-3 ligand;; PBS; BSA;; SC;; mice;; 1007D;; 7 days;; controls received mp with vehicle; comparison of injections vs. mp; peptides; recomb. human flt-3 ligand and G-CSF used;.

P3598 Iizuka,K., Kaneko,H., Yamada,T., Kimura,H., Kokai,Y., Fujimoto,J. Host F1 mice pretreated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor accept parental bone marrow grafts in hybrid resistance system. Blood 1997; 89(-4-):1446-1451. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, G; SC; mice; 2002; 14 days; immunology; peptides.

P4080 Kokai,Y., Kaneko,H., Izuka,K., Matsuura,A., Fujimoto,J. Inhibition of resistance to hemopoietic allografts in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor transgenic mice. Eur.J.Immunol. 1996; 26(--):115-119. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, G; mice; 2002; 2 weeks; comparison of sc injections vs mp; immunology; peptides; transplantation; recomb. human G-CSF used.

P2546 de Haan,G., Engel,C., Dontje,B., Loeffler,M., Nijhof,W. Hemotoxicity by prolonged etoposide administration to mice can be prevented by simultaneous growth factor therapy. Cancer Res. 1995; 55(--):324-329. >>> Erythropoietin; Colony-stimulating factor, G; Etoposide; SC; mice; 7 days; dose-response curves (pg. 326-328); cancer; peptides; etoposide is VP-16-213; EPO and VP-16-213 given in same pump initially, but this inactived the G-CSF; multiple pumps per animal (1-2) for G-CSF/VP-16 mice.

P3103 Vallera,D.A., Taylor,P.A., Aukerman,S.L., Blazar,B.R. Antitumor protection from the murine T-cell leukemia/lymphoma EL4 by the continuous subcutaneous coadministration of recombinant macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-2. Cancer Res. 1993; 53(--):4273-4280. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, M; Interleukin-2; Colony-stimulating factor, G; SC; mice; no duration posted; controls received mp with PBS; cancer; immunology; peptides; M-CSF + IL-2 given concomitantly provided best antitumor protection; recomb. IL-2 used; human G-CSF used.

R0089 Amkraut,A., Eckenhoff,J.B., Nichols,K. Osmotic delivery of peptides and macromolecules. Adv.Drug Delivery Review 1990; 4(--):255-276. >>> Atrial natriuretic factor; Cholecystokinin; Colony-stimulating factor, G.; Glucagon; Insulin; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-3; Melatonin; Nerve growth factor; Neurotensin; Prolactin; Theophylline; CSF/CNS; IA (femoral); intrasplenic; IP; SC; no duration posted; peptides; ALZA-authored, review of peptide delivery issues and applications; tissue perfusion (spleen).

P1155 Monroy,R.L., Skelly,R.R., MacVittie,T.J., Davis,T.A., Sauber,J.J., Clark,S.C., Donahue,R.E. The effect of recombinant GM-CSF on the recovery of monkeys transplanted with autologous bone marrow. Blood 1987; 70(-5-):1696-1699. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, G.; Saline; SC; monkey; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received mp w/ saline; interesting study; peptides.

P0993 Cohen,A.M., Zsebo,K.M., Inoue,H., Hines,D., Boone,T.C., Chazin,V.R., Tsai,L., Ritch,T., Souza,L.M. In vivo stimulation of granulopoiesis by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. 1987; 84(-8-):2484-2488. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, G; NaOAc; Saline; IV (jugular); hamster; 2001; no duration posted; controls received mp w/vehicle; mp connected to catheter in jugular; half-life data; peptides; comparison of iv injections vs. mp infusion; immunology.

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2. Colony-stimulating Factor, GM

P6450 Jean,W.C., Spellman,S.R., Wallenfriedman,M.A., Flores,C.T., Kurtz,B.P., Hall,W.A., Low,W.C. Effects of combined granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-2, and interleukin-12 based immunotherapy against intracranial glioma in the rat. Journal of Neuro-oncology 2004; 66(-1-2-):39-49. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, GM; interleukin-2; interleukin-12; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Cancer (gliosarcoma); GM-CSF was infused alone or with cytokines.

P5531 Chen,Y., Lin,S.M., Lai,H.S., Tseng,S.H., Chen,W.J. Effects of irradiated tumor vaccine and continuous localized infusion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on neuroblastomas in mice. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2002; 37(-9-):1298-1304. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, GM; PBS; BSA; SC (tumor vaccine injection site); Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; immunology; GM-CSF is recombinant murine; tissue perfusion.

P5093 Basak,Saroj K., Dubinett,Steven M., Harui,Airi, Mitani,Kohnosuke, Roth,Michael D., Sharma,Sherven, Stolina,Marina. Increased dendritic cell number and function following continuous in vivo infusion of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. Blood 2002; 99(-8-):2869-2879. >>> Interleukin-4; Colony-stimulating factor, GM; Saline; SC; mice; 1007D; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum levels via ELISA; immunology; peptides; recombinant cytokines; agents administered singly or concomitantly.

P4649 Wallenfriedman,M.A., Conrad,J.A, DelaBarre,L, Graupman,P.C, Lee,G, Garwood,M, Gregerson,D.S, Jean,W.C., Hall,W.A., Low,W.C. Effects of continuous localized infusion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and inoculations of irradiated glioma cells on tumor regression.. J.Neurosurg. 1999; 90(--):1064-1071. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, GM;; Saline; BSA; PBS;; SC;; rat;; 2004;; 28 days;; Controls received mp w/ saline; does-response; cancer; immunology; peptides; recomb. murine colony-stimulating factor, GM used..

P4130 Roelofs,M., Faggian,L., Pampinella,F., Paulon,T., Franch,R., Chiavegato,A., Sartore,S. Transforming growth factor b1 involvement in the conversion of fibroblasts to smooth muscle cells in the rabbit bladder serosa. Histochemical J. 1998; 30(--):393-404. >>> Transforming growth factor-B1; Epidermal growth factor; Fibroblast growth factor, basic; Colony-stimulating factor, G; Platelet-derived growth factor; Colony-stimulating factor, GM; PBS; bladder wall; rabbit; 2ML2; 2ML4; no duration posted; controls received mp w/PBS; no stress (see pg. 395); "a minipump filled with Evans Blue solution was used to determine area of growth factor delivery"; peptides; tissue perfusion (bladder wall).

P4525 Iversen,P.O, Lewis,I.D, Turczynowicz,S, Hasle,H., Niemeyer,C, Schmiegelow,K, Bastiras,S, Biondi,A, Hughes,T.P, Lopez,A.F. Inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor prevents dissemination and induces remission of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia in engrafted immunodeficient mice.. Blood 1997/12/15; 90(-12-):4910-4917. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, GM; Antibody, monoclonal anti-TNFa;; Saline, isotonic;; IP;; mice (nude);; 4 weeks;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; immunology; peptides;.

P3434 Alisauskas,R.M., Goldenberg,D.M., Sharkey,R.M., Blumenthal,R.D. Reduction in the duration of myelotoxicity associated with radioimmunotherapy with infusions of the hemoregulatory peptide, HP5b in mice. Int.J.Cancer 1997; 70(--):323-329. >>> HP5b; Interleukin-1; Colony-stimulating factor, GM; PBS; Mercaptoethanol, 2-; NaN3; SC; mice; 1007D; 3, 7, 14 days; cancer; immunology; peptides; HP5b is a hemoregulatory peptide.

P2507 Blumenthal,R.D., Sharkey,R.M., Forman,D., Wong,G., Goldenberg,D.M. Cytokine intervention permits dose escalation of radioantibody: an analysis of myelostimulation by bolus versus continuous infusion of IL-1/GM-CSF. Cancer Suppl. 1994; 73(-3-):1083-1092. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, GM; Interleukin-1, alpha; PBS; SC; mice; no duration posted; comparison of injections vs. mp; cancer; immunology.

P2449 Vyalov,S., Desmouliere,A., Gabbiani,G. GM-CSF-induced granulation tissue formation: relationships between macrophage and myofibroblast accumulation. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathol. 1993; 63(--):231-239. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, GM; Tumor necrosis factor; Platelet-derived growth factor; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 2-7 days; controls received mp w/ TNF, PDGF or carrier solution; functionality of mp verified upon removal; pump infused GM-CSF to study formation of granulation tissue at infusion site; recomb. murine TNF used.

P3890 Blazar,B.R., Widmer,M.B., Taylor,P.A., Vallera,D.A. Promotion of murine marrow alloengraftment and hematopoietic recovery across the major histocompatibility barrier by administration of recombinant human interleukin-1a. Blood 1992; 80(-6-):1614-1622. >>> Interleukin-1, alpha; Colony-stimulating factor, GM; PBS; SC; mice; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/PBS; immunology; peptides; agents given singly, together, or sequentially; "...for a 14-day administration schedule, continuous subcutaneous administration is favorable." (pg. 1618).

P2523 Berney,T., Shibata,T., Merino,R., Chicheportiche,Y., Kindler,V., Vassalli,P., Izui,S. Murine autoimmune hemolytic anemia resulting from Fc-gamma receptor-mediated erythrophagocytosis: protection by erythropoietin but not by interleukin-3, and aggravation by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood 1992; 79(-11-):2960-2964. >>> Erythropoietin; Interleukin-3; Colony-stimulating factor, GM; PBS; Glycerol; SC; mice; 2002; 14 days; immunology; peptides.

P2970 Shibata,T., Kindler,V., Chicheportiche,Y., Vassalli,P., Izui,S. Interleukin 3 perfusion prevents death due to acute anemia induced by monoclonal antierythrocyte autoantibody. J.Exp.Med. 1990; 171(--):1809-1814. >>> Interleukin-3; Colony-stimulating factor, GM; Erythropoietin; PBS; Glycerol; LPS, e. coli; SC; mice; 2002; no duration posted; controls received mp with vehicles +/- LPS; immunology; peptides; recomb. mouse GM-CSF&IL-3 used; recomb. human EPO used.

P1326 Monroy,R.L., Skelly,R.R., Taylor,P., Dubois,A., Donahue,R.E., MacVittie,T.J. Recovery from severe hematopoietic suppression using recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Exp.Hematol. 1988; 16(--):344-348. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, GM; SC; monkey; 2001; 7 days; dose-response; cancer/immunology; no stress; peptides.

P1250 Sakai,N., Ishii,Y., Shikita,M. Increase in macrophage progenitor cell number in femoral marrow of mice after continuous infusion or repeated injections of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J.Pharmaco.Biodyn. 1987; 10(-8-):404-407. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, GM; Endotoxin, E. coli; Saline; IP; mice; 2001; 6 days; controls received mp w/ LPS free isotonic saline; 2 exp.; comparison of ip injections vs. mp infusion; functionality of mp verified.

P0853 Donahue,R.E., Wang,E.A., Stone,D.K., Kamen,R., Wong,G.G., Sehgal,P.K., Nathan,D.G., Clark,S.C. Stimulation of haematopoiesis in primates by continuous infusion of recombinant human GM-CSF. Nature 1986; 321(--):872-875. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, GM; Dextrose; SC; monkey; 2ML1; 1 week; half-life; 1 of 3 experiments using mp.

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3. Colony-stimulating Factor, M

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4. Erythropoietin

P7614 Malhotra,S., Savitz,S.I., Ocava,L., Rosenbaum,D.M. Ischemic preconditioning is mediated by erythropoietin through PI-3 kinase signaling in an animal model of transient ischemic attack. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2006; 83(-1-):19-27. >>> Erythropoietin receptor, soluble; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1007D; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Wistar, 200-225 g, MCA occlusion).

P5948 Prass,K., Scharff,A., Ruscher,K., Loewl,D., Muselmann,C., Victorov,I., Kapinya,K., Dirnagl,U., Meisel,A. Hypoxia-induced stroke tolerance in the mouse is mediated by erythropoietin. Stroke 2003; 34(-8-):1981-1986. >>> Erythropoietin, soluble receptor; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1003D; 64 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); human EPO used; 0.1%BSA used in vehicle.

P5801 Shingo,T., Sorokan,S.T., Shimazaki,T., Weiss,S. Erythropoietin regulates the in vitro and in vivo production of neuronal progenitors by mammalian forebrain neural stem cells. J Neurosci 2001; 21(-24-):9733-9743. >>> Erythropoietin; antibody, rabbit anti-EPO neutralizing; rabbit IgG; Saline; albumin, mouse serum; rat serum; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1007D; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; Erythropoietin (EPO) Recomb. Human, antibody&IgG were dissolved in 0.9% saline with 1 mg/ml mouse serum albumin; pump/cannula schematic (p. 9739 fig A).

P4619 Walker,B.R., Resta,T.C, Nelin,L.D. Nitric oxide-dependent pulmonary vasodilation in polycythemic rats. Am.J.Physiol.(Heart Circ.Physiol.) 2000; 279(--):H2382-H2389. >>> Erythropoietin; Saline; rat; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; cardiovascular.

P2737 Hoffman,A., Nyska,A., Avramoff,A., Golomb,G. Continuous versus pulsatile administration of erythropoietin (EPO) via the uterus in anemic rats. Int.J.Pharmaceutics 1994; 111(--):197-202. >>> Erythropoietin; intrauterine; rat; 2002; 5 days; controls received intrauterine bolus of saline; replacement therapy (gentamicin-induced anemia); comparison of iv bolus and intrauterine bolus vs. mp; peptides; mp implanted subdermally in abdomen; "administration of drug at a constant rate produces considerably greater biological effect than that observed in the pulsatile mode." (pg. 200); tissue perfusion (uterus); recomb. human EPO used.

P0016 McGarry,M.P., Styles,B.D. Application of continuous flow osmotic minipumps in the study of hemopoietic regulators. Exp.Hematol. 1978; 6(-10-):809-811. >>> Erythropoietin; SC; Mice; 1701; 7; comparison of injections vs. mp infusion; peptides.

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5. Interferons

P8261 Si,Y., Ciccone,S., Yang,F.C., Yuan,J., Zeng,D., Chen,S., van de Vrugt,H.J., Critser,J., Arwert,F., Haneline,L.S., Clapp,D.W. Continuous in vivo infusion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enhances engraftment of syngeneic wild-type cells in Fanca-/- and Fancg-/- mice. Blood 2006; 108(-13-):4283-4287. >>> Interferon-gamma, mouse; PBS; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 4286); immunology; peptides; animal info (C57BL/6).

P7725 Birk,R.Z., Rubinstein,M. IFN-alpha induces apoptosis of adipose tissue cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2006; 345(-2-):669-674. >>> Interferon-a A/D, recomb. human; Saline; SC; Mice; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (C57BL/6, diet-induced obese).

P7447 Kang,W.Q., Rathinavelu,S., Samuelson,L.C., Merchant,J.L. Interferon gamma induction of gastric mucous neck cell hypertrophy. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 2005; 85(-5-):702-715. >>> Interferon-gamma, recomb. mouse; IP; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received PBS; animal info (c57BL/6).

P7184 Mathian,A., Weinberg,A., Gallegos,M., Banchereau,J., Koutouzov,S. IFN-alpha induces early lethal lupus in preautoimmune (New Zealand black x New Zealand White)F1 but not in BALB/c mice1. Journal of Immunology 2005; 174(-5-):2499-2506. >>> Interferon, mouse; PBS; BSA; SC; Mice; 1002; 8-10 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced every 2 weeks; immunology.

P7132 Brooling,J.T., Campbell,J.S., Mitchell,C., Yeoh,G.C., Fausto,N. Differential regulation of rodent hepatocyte and oval cell proliferation by interferon gamma. Hepatology 2005; 41(-4-):906-915. >>> Interferon-gamma, recomb. mouse; SC; Mice; 4-6 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; replacement therapy (hepatectomy).

P7042 Li,X.X., Yang,Y.Z., Yuan,J., Hong,P., Freie,B., Orazi,A., Haneline,L.S., Clapp,D.W. Continuous in vivo infusion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) preferentially reduces myeloid progenitor numbers and enhances engraftment of syngeneic wild-type cells in Fancc(-/-) mice. Blood 2004; 104(-4-):1204-1209. >>> Interferon-gamma, murine; PBS; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 7); no stress (pg. 1209); stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 1205) "modest though not significant rise in peripheral white blood cell count" (pg. 1205); "IFN-gamma was overall well tolerated by both WT and Fancc -/- mice." (pg. 1208); hematology.

P6764 Frewert,S., Stockhammer,F., Warschewske,G., Zenclussen,A.C., Rupprecht,S., Volk,H.D., Woiciechowsky,C. Intratumoral infusion of interleukin-1 beta and interferon-gamma; induces tumor invasion with macrophages and lymphocytes in a rat glioma model. Neuroscience Letters 2004; 364(-3-):145-148. >>> Interleukin-1, beta recomb. rat; Interferon-gamma, recomb. rat; Saline, physiological; albumin, human serum; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 1003D; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (tumor); cancer (glioma).

P6048 Zavros,Y., Rathinavelu,S., Kao,J.Y., Todisco,A., Del Valle,J., Weinstock,J.V., Low,M.J., Merchant,J.L. Treatment of Helicobacter gastritis with IL-4 requires somatostatin. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2003; 100(-22-):12944-12949. >>> Interleukin-4; interferon-gamma; PBS; IP; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. IP mp.

P6142 Koyanagi,S., Ohdo,S. Alteration of intrinsic biological rhythms during interferon treatment and its possible mechanism. MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY 2002; 62(-6-):1393-1399. >>> Interferon-alpha; Saline, sterile; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; immunology; peptides.

P5102 Skovseth,D.K., Yamanaka,T., Brandtzaeg,P., Butcher,E.C., Haraldsen,G. Vascular morphogenesis and differentiation after adoptive transfer of human endothelial cells to immunodeficient mice. American Journal of Pathology 2002; 160(-5-):1629-1637. >>> Interferon-gamma; Abdominal wall; mice; 2004; ; tissue perfusion (abdominal wall); immunology; peptides; pump implanted SC, catheter tube perfused matrigel plug in abdominal wall..

P4675 Jander,S, Schroetter,M, Fischer,J, Stoll,G. Differential regulation of microglial keratan sulfate immunoreactivity by proinflammatory cytokines and colony-stimulating factors.. Glia 2000; 30(--):401-410. >>> Interferon-gamma; Tumor necrosis factor-a;; PBS, sterile;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 1007D;; 6 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; immunology; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; proinflammatory cytokines;.

P4551 Nedelec,B, Dodd,C.M, Scott,P.G, Ghahary,A., Tredget,E.E. Effect of interferon-alpha 2b on guinea pig wound closure and the expression of cytoskeletal proteins in vivo.. Wound Repair and Regeneration 1998/6/1; 6(--):202-212. >>> Interferon-a2b; Saline, sterile; IP; Guinea-pig; 2ML4; 7, 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; wound healing study.

P3986 Henke,P.K., Bergamini,T.M., Watson,A.L., Brittian,K.R., Powell,D.W., Peyton,J.C. Bacterial products primarily mediate fibroblast inhibition in biomaterial infection. J.Surg.Res. 1998; 74(--):17-22. >>> Antibody, anti-interferon gamma; Antibody, indomethacin; Antibody, anti-TNFa; Antibody, interleukin 1 alpha; PBS, sterile; ETOH; Indomethacin; SC; mice; 1007D; 7 days; immunology; pump implanted next to Dacron graft; peptides.

P3731 Galbiati,F., Rogge,L., Guery,J.-C., Smiroldo,S., Adorini,L. Regulation of the IL-12 receptor B2 subunit by soluble antigen and IL-12 in vivo. Eur.J.Immunol. 1998; 28(--):209-220. >>> Interleukin-12; Interleukin-2; Lysozyme, hen egg white; Ovalbumin; Interferon-gamma; PBS; Albumin, mouse serum; SC; mice; 2001; 9 days; controls received mp w/ PBS; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; immunology; peptides; agents infused singly or in combination in the same pump; recomb. human IL-2 used; recomb. mouse IFN-gamma used.

P3567 Tsuji-Takayama,K., Harashima,A., Tahata,H., Izumi,N., Nishida,Y., Namba,M., Okuda,Y., Ohta,T., Kurimoto,M. IFN-gamma in combination with IL-3 accelerates platelet recovery in mice with 5-fluorouracil-induced marrow aplasia. J.Interferon and Cytokine Res. 1996; 16(--):447-451. >>> Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-3; Albumin, mouse serum; PBS; SC; mice; 1007D; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; stability verified after 7 day storage; immunology; peptides; cytokines given singly and together.

P3501 Siesjo,P., Visse,E., Sjogren,H.O. Cure of established, intracerebral rat gliomas induced by therapeutic immunizations with tumor cells and purified APC or adjuvant IFN-gamma treatment. J.Immunol. 1996; 19(-5-):334-345. >>> Interferon-gamma; SC; CSF/CNS; rat; 14 days; cancer; immunology; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used.

P4477 Voest,E.E, Kenyon,B.M, O'Reilly,M.S, Truitt,G, D'Amato,R.J, Folkman,J. Inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo by interleukin 12.. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1995; 87(-8-):581-586. >>> Interferon-gamma; Saline; IM; Mice (scid); 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by checking residual volume; comparison of bolus invections vs. mp; cancer; immunology; angiogenesis inhibitor; recomb. murine interferon-gamma used; "... in comparison with bolus injections, continuous intraperitoneal infusion of IFN gamma achieved enhanced inhibition of angiogenesis ..." (p. 585).

P2935 Rapp,J., Dallah,C.N., Schulz-Key,H. Parenteral administration of cytokines and drugs in rodent filariasis via osmotic pumps. Parasite 1994; 1(-1S-):35-37. >>> Interferon-gamma; SC; mice; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp with PBS or were untreated; no stress (see pg. 37); immunology; "implantation of osmotic pumps is a suitable method for the application of short lived substances like IFN-gamma or other cytokines."; incision heals within three days and animals show no signs of discomfort, making pumps a useful alternative to repeated injections especially for rodents..."; recomb. mouse IFN-gamma used.

P2677 Drath,D.B., Do,C., Burd,T., Hong,L.L. Activation of a distinct subpopulation of pulmonary macrophages following exposure to biological response modifiers. Immunol.Invest. 1994; 23(-2-):115-127. >>> Interferon-gamma; S-MDP, free; S-MDP, liposome-encapsulated; SC; rat; 7 days; comparison of bolus tracheal injections, iv administration and mp; immunology; peptides; IFN-gamma and S-MDP were most effective when delivered either intravenously or via osmotic minipump infusion; S-MDP is lipophilic N-acetylmuramyl-6-0-stearoyl-alanyl-D-isoglutamine; recomb. mouse IFN-gamma used.

P2625 Wiranowska,M., Prockop,L.D., Naidu,A.K., Saporta,S., Kori,S., Kulkarni,A.P. Interferon entry through the blood-brain barrier in glioma and its effect on lipoxygenase activity. Anticancer Res. 1994; 14(--):1121-1126. >>> Interferon-a/B, mouse; Interferon-gamma; SC; mice; 3 days; cancer; peptides; recomb. mouse IFN-gamma used.

P2533 Rockey,D.C., Chung,J.J. Interferon gamma inhibits lipocyte activation and extracellular matrix mRNA expression during experimental liver injury: implications for treatment of hepatic fibrosis. J.Invest.Med. 1994; 42(-4-):660-670. >>> Interferon-gamma; PBS; Albumin, bovine serum; IP; rat; 2ML4; no duration posted; controls received mp w/ vehicle; immunology; peptides; rat IFN-gamma used.

P3104 Unemori,E.N., Beck,L.S., Lee,W.P., Xu,Y., Siegel,M., Keller,G., Liggitt,H.D., Bauer,E.A., Amento,E.P. Human relaxin decreases collagen accumulation in vivo in two rodent models of fibrosis. J.Invest.Dermatol. 1993; 101(--):280-285. >>> Relaxin; Interferon-gamma; PBS; SC; rat; mice; 2002; no duration posted; controls received mp with vehicle; immunology; multiple pumps per animal (1-2) for relaxin delivery; polyvinyl alcohol sponges implanted subcutaneously in rats for fibrotic infiltration; intentional capsule formation in mice analyzed.

P3004 Flynn,J.L., Chan,J., Triebold,K.J., Dalton,D.K., Stewart,T.A., Bloom,B.R. An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J.Exp.Med. 1993; 178(--):2249-2254. >>> Interferon-gamma; PBS; SC; mice; no duration posted; controls received mp w/ PBS or could endogenously produce IFN; replacement therapy (genetic inability to produce IFN-gamma); comparison of im injections vs. mp; circulating half-life of IFN-gamma in mice is about 1 hour; continuous delivery of IFN-gamma prolonged survival longer than did IFN injections (12 vs. 4 days longer than controls); mouse IFN-gamma used.

P2948 Curfs,J.H.A.J., van der Meide,P.H., Billiau,A., Meuwissen,J.H.E.Th., Eling,W.M.C. Plasmodium berghei: recombinant interferon-y and the development of parasitemia and cerebral lesions in malaria-infected mice. Exp.Parasitology 1993; 77(--):212-223. >>> Interferon-gamma; Saline, isotonic; IP; mice; mice (nude); 2002; no duration posted; controls were untreated, or treated but uninfected; ". . .daily injection of a bolus of 105 units of IFN-gamma is not lethal, whereas even a lower daily total dose of 2.5 x 104 units of IFN-gamma administered by continuous release is lethally toxic."; only continuous delivery was able to prevent development of cerebral malaria; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; recomb. rat IFN-gamma.

P2494 Rosiello,R.A., Merrill,W.W., Rockwell,S., Carter,D., Cooper Jr,J.A.D., Care,S., Amento,E.P. Radiation pneumonitis: bronchoalveolar lavage assessment and modulation by a recombinant cytokine. Am.Rev.Respir.Dis. 1993; 148(--):1671-1676. >>> Interferon-gamma; SC; rat; 26 days; peptides; oncology.

P2301 Kuhn,J.A., Wong,J.Y.C., Beatty,B.G., Esteban,J.M., Williams,L.E., Beatty,J.D. Gamma-interferon enhancement of carcinoembryonic antigen expression in human colon carcinoma xenografts. J.Immunother. 1992; 11(--):257-266. >>> Interferon-gamma; Albumin, bovine serum; PBS; SC; mice; 1007D; 3-7 days; functionality of mp verified by residual amounts; dose-response (text p. 259, graph p. 260); comparison of ip injections vs. infusion; cancer; immunology; peptides; biological activity of residual in pump diminished 15% by day 4, 25% by day 6 (p. 262); recomb. human IFN-gamma used.

P2121 Wiranowska,M., Gonzalvo,A.A., Saporta,S., Gonzalez,O.R., Prockop,L.D. Evaluation of blood-brain barrier permeability and the effect of interferon in mouse glioma model. J.Neurooncology 1992; 14(--):225-236. >>> Interferon-a/B, mouse; SC; mice; 1003D; 3 days; cancer; homologous mouse IFN-a/B used.

P1999 Denis,M. Involvement of cytokines in determining resistance and acquired immunity in murine tuberculosis. J.Leukoc.Biol. 1991; 50(--):495-501. >>> Interferon-gamma, inactivated; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-2, inactivated; Tumor necrosis factor-a, inactivated; IP; mice; 2002; no duration posted; peptides.

P1845 Denis,M. Recombinant murine beta interferon enhances resistance of mice to systemic mycobacterium avium infection. Infect.Immun. 1991; 59(-5-):1857-1859. >>> Interferon-beta; mice; 2002; no duration posted; controls received pumps with heat-inactivated cytokines; peptides.

P1947 Newton,G.R., Martinod,S., Hansen,P.J., Thatcher,W.W., Siegenthaler,B., Gerber,C., Voirol,M.-J. Effect of bovine interferon on acute changes in body temperature and serum progesterone concentration in heifers. J.Dairy Sci. 1990; 73(--):3439-3448. >>> Interferon-a1; cattle; 2ML1; 5 days; peptides; serum IFN-a levels (p. 3445).

P1718 Murray,H.W. Effect of continuous administration of interferon-y in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J.Infect.Dis. 1990; 161(--):992-994. >>> Stibogluconate, sodium; Interferon-gamma; Albumin, bovine serum; Saline; SC; mice; 2002; 1 week; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; immunology; some mice received 2 pumps.

P1918 Granstein,R.D., Deak,M.R., Jacques,S.L., Margolis,R.J., Flotte,T.J., Whitaker,D., Long,F.H., Amento,E.P. The systemic administration of gamma interferon inhibits collagen synthesis and acute inflammation in a murine skin wound model. J.Invest.Dermatol. 1989; 93(-1-):18-27. >>> Interferon-gamma; PBS; Serum, mouse; IP; SC; mice; 2002; 14 days; peptides; wound healing.

P1293 Guadagni,F., Schlom,J., Pothen,S., Pestka,S., Greiner,J.W. Parameters involved in the enhancement of monoclonal antibody targeting in vivo with recombinant interferon. Cancer Immunol.Immunother. 1988; 26(--):222-230. >>> Interferon-a, recomb. human; Saline; SC; mice (nude); 2001; 5-13 days; dose-response (graph); half life; comparison of i.m. injections vs. mp infusion; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; cancer/immunology; peptides.

P0987 Granstein,R.D., Murphy,G.F., Margolis,R.J., Byrne,M.H., Amento,E.P. Gamma-interferon inhibits collagen synthesis in vivo in the mouse. J.Clin.Invest. 1987; 79(-4-):1254-1258. >>> Interferon-gamma; PBS; Serum, mouse; SC; mice; 2002; 7-14 days; 2002, 7-14 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; immunology; stress/adverse reaction (fibrous tissue formation which was used to study effects of gamma-interferon).

P0957 Drath,D.B. Modulation of pulmonary macrophage superoxide release and tumoricidal activity following activation by biological response modifiers. Immunopharmacology 1986; 12(-2-):117-126. >>> Interferon-gamma; Liposomes; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/empty liposomes; liposome encapsulated agent and free agent; comparison of iv injections vs. mp infusion; cancer/immunology; peptides.

P0504 Heston,W.D.W., Fleischmann,J., Tackett,R.E., Ratliff,T.L. Effects of a-difluoromethylornithine and recombinant interferon-a2 on the growth of a human renal cell adenocarcinoma xenograft in nude mice. Cancer Res. 1984; 44(--):3220-3225. >>> Interferon-a2, recomb. human; SC; mice (nude); 2002; 4 weeks; pump replaced after 2 weeks; immunotherapy; controls received unidentified vehicle in mp; peptides; cancer; recomb. human IF-a2 used.

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6. Interleukin-1

P7971 Sosenko,I.R.S., Kallapur,S.G., Nitsos,I., Moss,T.J.M., Newnham,J.P., Ikegami,M., Jobe,A.H. IL-1 alpha causes lung inflammation and maturation by direct effects on preterm fetal lamb lungs. PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2006; 60(-3-):294-298. >>> Interleukin-1, alpha, recomb. ovine; Intratracheal; Sheep (fetus); 2001D; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (merino, ewes + fetuses); silicone tubing used to collect lung fluid; vinyl tubing for intratracheal infusion; tissue perfusion (trachea).

P7145 Mitchell,B.F., Zielnik,B., Wong,S., Roberts,C.D., Mitchell,J.M. Intraperitoneal infusion of proinflammatory cytokines does not cause activation of the rat uterus during late gestation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2005; 289(-4-):E658-E664. >>> Interleukin-1 beta; tumor necrosis factor, alpha; Saline; IP; Rat (pregnant); 2001D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume.

P7096 Park,Y.G., Kang,S.K., Kim,W.J., Lee,Y.C., Kim,C.H. Effects of TGF-beta, TNF-alpha-, IL-beta and IL-6 alone or in combination, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor on cyclooxygenase expression, prostaglandin E2 production and bone resorption in mouse calvarial bone cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY&CELL BIOLOGY 2004; 36(-11-):2270-2280. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; PBS; SC; Mice; 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P6205 Guo,H.L., Epperly,M.W., Bernarding,M., Nie,S.H., Gretton,J., Jefferson,M., Greenberger,J.S. Manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposome (MnSOD-PL) intratracheal gene therapy reduction of irradiation-induced inflammatory cytokines does not protect orthotopic Lewis Lung Carcinomas. In Vivo 2003; 17(-1-):13-21. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; transforming growth factor-beta; interleukin-1; Saline, normal; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 17); cancer (lung).

P5803 Korekane,H., Nishikawa,A., Imamura,K. Mechanisms mediating metabolic abnormalities in the livers of Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2003; 412(-2-):216-222. >>> Ornithine decarboxylase-inducing factor; Interleukin-1, alpha; tumor necrosis factor-µ; Interleukin-6; SC; IP; Mice; 1007D; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS vehicle; cancer; IL-1µ(human recomb)&ornithine decarboxylase-inducing factor (ODC factor) were infused via IP route; IL-6 was infused (SC).

R0193 Anisman,H., Hayley,S., Turrin,N., Merali,Z. Cytokines as a stressor: implications for depressive illness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2002; 5(-4-):357-373. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; Rat; 1 week; Peptides; p. 360.

P5878 Schoning,B., Elepfandt,P., Daberkow,N., Rupprecht,S., Stockhammer,F., Stoltenburg,G., Volk,H.D., Woiciechowsky,C. Differences in immune cell invasion into the cerebrospinal fluid and brain parenchyma during cerebral infusion of interleukin-1 beta. NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 2002; 23(-5-):211-218. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; Interleukin-6; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Albumin, human serum; CSF/CNS (hypothalamus, lateral ventricle); Rat; 1003D; 4,8,24,48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by CSF cell infiltration; dose-response (p. 213); ALZET brain infusion kit used; IL-1ßwas rat recomb; cannula position verified histologically; cytokine levels in CSF were assayed.

P4586 Lippuner,K, del Pozo,E, MacKenzie,A., Jaeger,Ph. Long-term systemic administration of human recombinant interleukin-1B induces a dose-dependent fall in circulating parathyroid hormone in rats.. Horm.Res. 1999; 51(--):74-77. >>> Interleukin-1, beta;; Water, distilled;; SC;; rat;; 2002;; 14 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by corticosterone plasma levels; stability verified; peptides; recomb. human Interleukin-1 beta..

P4541 Olmedo,M.L, Landry,P.S, Sadasivan,K.K, Albright,J.A, Meek,W.D, Routh,R, Marino,A.A. Regulation of osteoblast levels during bone healing.. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 1999; 13(-5-):356-362. >>> Interleukin-1, beta;; PBS;; bone (tibia);; rat;; 1003D;; 3days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; immunology; peptides;.

P4362 Lee,T.T., Green,B.A., Dietrich,W.D., Yezierski,R.P. Neuroprotective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor following spinal cord contusion injury in the rat. Journal of Neurotrauma 1999; 16(-5-):347-356. >>> Interleukin-1; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Fibroblast growth factor, basic; Nerve growth factor; Ciliary neurotrophic factor;; Water; PBS; BSA; CHAPS;; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal);; rat;; 2001;; 7 days;; controls received mp with vehicle; tissue perfusion (injury site); good methods; peptides; 1:10 dilutional effect of CSF confirmed by dye study; PE10/50 tubing used with pump and 30 gauge needle to deliver drugs through small dural plial opening;.

P3905 Finck,B.N., Johnson,R.W. Anorexia, weight loss and increased plasma interleukin-6 caused by chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of interleukin-1B in the rat. Brain Research 1997; 761(--):333-337. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; PBS; Albumin, bovine serum; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 4 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; no stress (see pg. 334); peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; recombinant murine IL-1B used; 7 day recovery after cannula implantation.

P3691 Parsadaniantz,S.M., Batsche,E., Gegout-Pottie,P., Terlain,B., Gillet,P., Netter,P., Kerdelhue,B. Effects of continuous infusion of interleukin 1b on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), CRH receptors, proopiomelanocortin gene expression and secretion of corticotropin beta-endorphin and corticosterone. Neuroendocrinology 1997; 65(--):53-63. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; Saline, sterile isotonic; Albumin, human serum; Trehalose; IP; rat; 2001; 1, 3, 5, or 7 days; controls received mp w/ solvent only or no mp; no stress (see pg. 54); peptides; recomb. human IL-1 used.

P3600 Yu,W.-D., Chang,M.-J., Vlock,D., Furmanski,P., Johnson,C. The effect of continuous infusion IL-1a on carboplatin induced thrombocytopenia and anti-tumor activity in RIF-1 tumor bearing mice. Oncology Reports 1997; 4(--):43-48. >>> Interleukin-1, alpha; NaCl; IP; mice; 1003D; 1007D; 3, 7 days; comparison of single bolus injection vs. mp; cancer; peptides.

P4098 Ilyin,S.E., Plata-Salaman,C.R. In vivo regulation of the IL-1b system (ligand, receptors I and II, receptor accessory protein, and receptor antagonist) and TNF-a mRNAs in specific brain regions. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 1996; 227(--):861-867. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 7 days; peptides; recomb. human IL-1 used.

P4092 Ilyin,S.E., Sonti,G., Gayle,D., Plata-Salaman,C.R. Regulation of brain interleukin-1b (IL-1b) system mRNAs in response to pathophysiological concentrations of IL-1b in the cerebrospinal fluid. J.Mol.Neuroscience 1996; 7(--):169-181. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; Interleukin-1, beta heat inactivated; Saline, sterile; BSA; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 7 days; stability verified by previous studies; a 29 g stainless steel obturator used to ensure cannulae patency; peptides; recomb. human IL-1 used.

P4083 Dunn,C.J., Hardee,M.M., Fidler,S.F., Shields,S.K., Chosay,J.G. The inflammatory potential of IL-2: local induction of a specific chronic granulomatous lesion in mice. J.Leukoc.Biol. 1996; 60(--):27-36. >>> Interleukin-1; PBS; BSA; IM (abdominal); mice; 1007D; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; comparison of sc injections vs. mp; immunology; human and recomb. murine IL-1 used.

P3646 Fauteux,L.J., Osmond,D.G. IL-1 as a systemic modifier of B lymphopoiesis. J.Immunol. 1996; 156(--):2376-2383. >>> Interleukin-1, alpha; SC; 1007D; no duration posted; controls received albumin alone; peptides; recomb. human IL-1 used.

P3601 Gudmundsson,T., Bjork,P., Ohlsson,K. a2-macroglobulin and a1-inhibitor-3 mRNA expression in the rat liver after slow interleukin-1 stimulation. Mediators of Inflammation 1996; 5(--):266-270. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; PBS, sterile; Albumin, bovine serum; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/out IL-1; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; immunology; peptides.

P3561 Vallera,D.A., Taylor,P.A., Widmer,M.B., Blazar,B.R. Interleukin-1a-mediated promotion of long-term alloengraftment and short-term neutrophil expansion does not require the presence of either donor or host T cells. Transplantation 1996; 62(-5-):636-642. >>> Interleukin-1, alpha; SC; mice; 14 days; controls received mp w/ PBS; immunology; recomb. human IL-1 used.

P3503 Ilyin,S.E., Plata-Salaman,C.R. An approach to study molecular mechanisms involved in cytokine-induced anorexia. J.Neurosci.Methods 1996; 70(--):33-38. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; Cytokine, heat inactivated; Saline, sterile physiological; Albumin, bovine serum; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; no duration posted; peptides; recomb. human IL-1 used.

P3488 Ilyin,S.E., Plata-Salaman,C.R. Molecular regulation of the brain interleukin-1b system in obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/Fa) Zucker rats. Mol.Brain Research 1996; 43(--):209-218. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; Interleukin-1, beta heat inactivated; Saline, sterile physiological; Albumin, bovine serum; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); rat; 2001; no duration posted; peptides; recomb. human IL-1 used.

P4090 Koide,M., Suda,S., Saitoh,S., Ofuji,Y., Suzuki,T., Yoshie,H., Takai,M., Ono,Y., Taniguchi,Y., Hara,K. In vivo administration of IL-1b accelerates silk ligature-induced alveolar bone resorption in rats. J.Oral Pathol.Med. 1995; 24(--):420-434. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; PBS; SC; rat; 2002; 3,7,14 days; controls received mp w/PBS; peptides; recomb. human IL-1 used.

P3893 Van der Meer,M.J.M., Sweep,C.G.J.F., Pesman,G.J., Borm,G.F., Hermus,R.M.M. Synergism between IL-1B and TNF-a on the activity of the pituitary-adrenal axis and on food intake of rats. Am.J.Physiol.(Endocrinol.Metab.) 1995; 268(-31-):E551-E557. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-a; Interleukin-1, beta; Saline, sterile; PBS; NaCl; IP; rat; 1003D; 3 days; controls received mp w/saline; dose-response; no stress (see pg. E552); immunology; peptides; animals received drugs singly or in combination; recomb. human TNF&IL-1 used.

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7. Interleukin-2

P7460 Roychowdhury,S., Blaser,B.W., Freud,A.G., Katz,K., Bhatt,D., Ferketich,A.K., Bergdall,V., Kusewitt,D., Baiocchi,R.A., Caligiuri,M.A. IL-15 but not IL-2 rapidly induces lethal xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2005; 106(-7-):2433-2435. >>> Interleukin-15, recomb. human; interleukin-2, recomb. human; PBS; albumin, human; SC; Mice (SCID); 1007D; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; immunology; animal info (female, CB17, hu-PBL-SCID, 8-12 weeks old).

P6765 Neal,Z.C., Yang,J.C., Rakhmilevich,A.L., Buhtoiarov,I.N., Lum,H.E., Imboden,M., Hank,J.A., Lode,H.N., Reisfeld,R.A., Gillies,S.D., Sondel,P.M. Enhanced activity of Hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine against murine NXS2 neuroblastoma when combined with interleukin 2 therapy. Clinical Cancer Research 2004; 10(-14-):4839-4847. >>> Interleukin-2, recomb. human; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; no stress (see pg.4841); cancer (neuroblastoma); peptides.

R0190 Anisman,H., Kokkinidis,L., Merali,Z. Further evidence for the depressive effects of cytokines: Anhedonia and neurochemical changes. BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY 2002; 16(-5-):544-556. >>> Interleukin-2; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; examined anhedonic effects of IL-2.

P4872 Margenthaler,J.A., Tu,F., Otomo,N., Shimizu,Y., Yu,S., Flye,M.W. Immunogenicity of Ld+ transgenic mouse hearts. Surgery 2001; 130(--):217-224. >>> Interleukin-2; mice; 1007D; 7 days; controls received no IL-2 treatment; immunology; peptides.

P4815 Hautmann,S., Huland,E., Wullbrand,A., Friedrich,M., Huland,H. Treatment of metastatic hormone-refractory prostate adenocarcinoma (MatLyLu) in Copenhagen rats with micro-osmotic interleukin-2 pumps.. Anticancer Research 2000; 20(--):4495-4498. >>> Interleukin-2;; Albumin, human;; SC; Peritumoral (orthotopic);; rat;; 2002;; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by in vitro assay; no stress (see p. 4496); good methods pumps weighed p. 4496; cancer; immunology; peptides; rats had a prostatic adenocarcinoma tumor implanted; Albumin vehicle was 20% concentration; SC&peritumoral orthotopic implantation; Note: these pumps were left in for 28 days;.

P4630 Ueno,M. Lymphokine-activated killer cells induced in vivo in mice showing IL-2 toxicity have cytoplasmic granules containing perforin and its hemolytic activity.. Immunopharmacology 1998; 39(--):75-82. >>> Interleukin-2;; SC;; mice;; 2001;; 8 days;; immunology; peptides; recomb. human IL-2 was used..

P4557 Schirrmacher,V, Müerköster,S, Umansky,V. Antagonistic effects of systemic interleukin 2 on immune Tcell-mediated graft-versus-leukemia reactivity.. Clinical Cancer Research 1998/11; 4(--):2635-2645. >>> Interleukin-2, recomb. human;; PEG;; mice;; 2002;; 12 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; comparison of IP injections of PEG-IL-2 vs. IL-2 infusion via mp; cancer; immunology; peptides;.

P4112 Hautmann,S., Huland,E., Wulbrand,A., Friedrich,M., Huland,H. Treatment of metastatic hormone refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate (mat ly ly) with micro-osmotic interleukin-2 pump in male copenhagen rats. Eur.Urol. 1998; 34(--):265-266. >>> Interleukin-2; Albumin; intratumoral; rat; no duration posted; controls received mp w/albumin; tissue perfusion (intratumoral); cancer; immunology; peptides.

P4089 Johansson,S., Landstrom,M., Hellstrand,K., Henriksson,R. The response of Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma to IL-2, histamine and radiation. Br.J.Cancer 1998; 77(-8-):1213-1219. >>> Interleukin-2; SC; rat; 2002; 6 weeks; pumps replaced every 2 weeks; cancer; immunology; peptides.

P6325 Isobe,M, Suzuki,J., Yamazaki,S., Yazaki,Y, Horie,S., Okubo,Y., Maemura,K., Yazaki,Y, Sekiguchi,M. Regulation by Differential Development of Th1 and Th2 Cells in Peripheral Tolerance to Cardiac Allograft Induced by Blocking ICAM-1/LFA-1 Adhesion. Circulation 1997; 96(--):2247-2253. >>> Interleukin-2, recomb.; Culture medium, RPMI 1640; fetal calf serum; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Cardiovascular.

P4466 Fehniger,T.A, Carson,W.E, Mrózek,E, Caligiuri,M.A. Stem cell factor enhances interleukin-2-mediated expansion of murine natural killer cells in vivo.. Blood 1997/11/1; 90(-9-):3647-3653. >>> Interleukin-2; PBS; Serum, syngeneic mouse; SC; Mice; 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; long-term study, pump replaced every 10 days; immunology; peptides.

P4572 Junghans,R.P, Waldmann,T.A. Metabolism of Tac (IL2Ra): Physiology of cell surface shedding and renal catabolism, and suppression of catabolism by antibody binding.. J.Exp.Med. 1996/4; 183(--):1587-1602. >>> Interleukin-2 receptor-alpha;; 131I tracer;; SC;; mice;; 7 days;; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; IL-2 receptor-alpha also called CD25 or Tac; pumps were used to infuse radiolabeled receptor;.

P4095 Hanisch,U.-K., Neuhaus,J., Quirion,R., Kettenmann,H. Neurotoxicity induced by interleukin-2: involvement of infiltrating immune cells. Synapse 1996; 24(--):104-114. >>> Interleukin-2; CSF/CNS; rat; 1007D; 2002; 7,14 days; controls received mp w/heat-inactivated IL-2 or IL-3; functionality of mp verified by emptied drug reservoir; good methods (pp. 105-106); ALZET brain infusion kit used; no stress - "icv delivery of solutions at a rate of 0.5 ul/h was shown previously not to cause any tissue damage due to volume overload." (p. 106); recomb. human IL-2 used.

P3594 Kuroda,K., Yagi,J., Imanishi,K., Yan,X.-J., Li,X-Y., Fujimaki,W., Kato,H., Miyoshi-Akiyama,T., Kumazawa,Y., Abe,H., Uchiyama,T. Implantation of IL-2-containing osmotic pump prolongs the survival of superantigen-reactive T cells expanded in mice injected with bacterial superantigen. J.Immunol. 1996; 157(--):1422-1431. >>> Interleukin-2; SC; mice; 2001; no duration posted; immunology; peptides; penicillin g given prophylactically; recomb. human IL-2 used.

P2849 Patselas,T., Thomas,F., Areneda,D., Marchman,W. Role of natural killer and killer cells in concordant xenograft rejection. Transplant.Proc. 1995; 27(-1-):262-263. >>> Interleukin-2; mice; 3 days; no comment posted.

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8. Interleukin-3

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9. Interleukin-4

P8350 Mizoguchi,A., Ogawa,A., Takedatsu,H., Sugimoto,K., Shimornura,Y., Shirane,K., Nagahama,K., Nagaishi,T., Mizoguchi,E., Blumberg,R.S., Bhan,A.K. Dependence of intestinal granuloma formation on unique myeloid DC-like cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007; 117(-3-):605-615. >>> Interleukin-4; IP; Mice; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ PBS; IL-4 knockout; animal info (C57BL/6, 9 weeks old).

P4119 Mathur,A., Vallera,D.A., Taylor,P.A., Widmer,M.B., Yang,C., Prabhu,A., Blazar,B.R. Effect of IL-7 or IL-4 on reconstitution of donor lymphoid cells in congenic murine bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1995; 16(--):119-124. >>> Interleukin-7; Interleukin-4; PBS; IP; mice; 14 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; immunology; peptides; recomb. mouse IL-4 and IL-7 used.

P4096 Levy,A.E., Alexander,J.W. Administration of intragraft interleukin-4 prolongs cardiac allograft survival in rats treated with donor-specific transfusion/cyclosporine. Transplantation 1995; 60(-5-):405-406. >>> Interleukin-4; Interleukin-10; IA (brachiocephalic); rat; 14 days; immunology; peptides; pump infused the brachiocephalic artery of a harvested heart, which was then implanted into a recipient; recomb. mouse IL-4&IL-10 used.

P2803 Carballido,J.M., Schols,D., Namikawa,R., Zurawski,S., Zurawski,G., Roncarolo,M.-G., de Vries,J.E. IL-4 induces human B cell maturation and IgE synthesis in SCID-hu mice. J.Immunol. 1995; 155(--):4162-4170. >>> Interleukin-4; PBS; SC; mice (SCID); 2002; no duration posted; long-term study, pumps replaced; immunology; human IL-4 used.

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10. Interleukin-5

P5279 Mishra,A., Hogan,S.P., Brandt,E.B., Rothenberg,M.E. IL-5 promotes eosinophil trafficking to the esophagus. J Immunol. 2002/3/1; 168(-5-):2464-2469. >>> Interleukin-5; PBS; BSA; IP; Mice (transgenic); 2001; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; Immunology; peptides; human IL-5 used.

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11. Interleukin-6

P7821 Cao,Z.X., Gao,Y., Bryson,J.B., Hou,J.W., Chaudhry,N., Siddiq,M., Martinez,J., Spencer,T., Carmel,J., Hart,R.B., Filbin,M.T. The cytokine interleukin-6 is sufficient but not necessary to mimic the peripheral conditioning lesion effect on axonal growth. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-20-):5565-5573. >>> Interleukin-6, recomb. rat; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1002; 2 weeks; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response (fig. 7); no stress (see pg. 5571); peptides; animal info (female, Long-Evans, pg. 21-pg. 23; bilateral dorsal column lesion, 8wk old); mp primed at least 4 hours at 37 celsius.

P7785 Jin,X.L., Zimmers,T.A., Perez,E.A., Pierce,R.H., Zhang,Z.X., Koniaris,L.G. Paradoxical effects of short- and long-term interleukin-6 exposure on liver injury and repair. Hepatology 2006; 43(-3-):474-484. >>> Interleukin-6, recomb. mouse; Saline, sterile; IP; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum IL-6 levels; peptides; animal info (male, C57BL6/J).

P7226 Haddad,F., Zaldivar,F., Cooper,D.M., Adams,G.R. IL-6-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Journal of Applied Physiology 2005; 98(-3-):911-917. >>> Interleukin-6; Saline; IM (tibialis anterior); Rat; 2002; 3,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or had contralateral muscle w/ no treatment; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; no stress (see pg. 912,913); good methods p. 912; peptides; mp primed in sterile saline at 37 degrees celsius.

P7192 Janssen,S.P.M., Gayan-Ramirez,G., Van Den Bergh,A., Herijgers,P., Maes,K., Verbeken,E., Decramer,M. Interleukin-6 causes myocardial failure and skeletal muscle atrophy in rats. Circulation 2005; 111(-8-):996-1005. >>> Interleukin-6, recomb.human; PBS; serum, rat; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle plus human albumin; functionality of mp verified by serum rh IL-6 levels; dose-response; cardiovascular; peptides.

P7165 Gieng,S.H., Raila,J., Rosales,F.J. Accumulation of retinol in the liver after prolonged hyporetinolemia in the vitamin A-sufficient rat. Journal of Lipid Research 2005; 46(-4-):641-649. >>> Interleukin-6, recomb.human; SC; Rat; 1003D, 2001; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS, no stress (see pg. 646), peptides.

P6991 Woiciechowsky,C., Schoening,B., Stoltenburg-Didinger,G., Stockhammer,F., Volk,H.D. Brain-IL-1beta triggers astrogliosis through induction of IL-6: Inhibition by propranolol and IL-10. MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR 2004; 10(-9-):BR325-BR330. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-a, recomb. rat; interleukin-1 beta, recomb. rat; interleukin-10, recomb. rat; interleukin-6, recomb. rat; Albumin, human serum; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig 1); ALZET brain infusion kit used; correct localization of cannula confirmed histologically.

P6814 Wang,Q.C., Horiatis,D., Pinski,J. Interleukin-6 inhibits the growth of prostate cancer xenografts in mice by the process of neuroendocrine differentiation. International Journal of Cancer 2004; 111(-4-):508-513. >>> Interleukin-6; SC; Mice (nude); 3 weeks; Controls received SC saline injections; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 511); cancer (prostate).

P7700 Murata,M., Nishimura,N., Zhang,B. Interleukin-6 Protects Skin Legion Caused by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Journal of Vet.Med.Sci. 2003; 65(-4-):511-513. >>> Interleukin-6, recomb. human; PBS; serum, mouse; SC; Mice; 1007D; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum rhIL-6 levels; dose-response (table 1); toxicology; peptides; animal info (female, 20 wks old).

P6074 Klover,P.J., Zimmers,T.A., Koniaris,L.G., Mooney,R.A. Chronic exposure to interleukin-6 causes hepatic insulin resistance in mice. Diabetes 2003; 52(-11-):2784-2789. >>> Interleukin-6; Saline; BSA; SC; Mice; 2001; 5 days; IL-6 plasma levels taken; 0.1% BSA used.

P5733 Barazzone-Argiroffo,C., Pagano,A., Juge,C., Metrailler,I., Rochat,A., Vesin,C., Donati,Y. Glucocorticoids aggravate hyperoxia-induced lung injury through decreased nuclear factor-kappa B activity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 284(-1-):L197-L204. >>> Interleukin-6; SC; Mice; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ mouse serum; functionalityof mp verified by IL-6 serum levels; peptides; IL-6 is human recombinant.

P5838 Katsume,A., Saito,H., Yamada,Y., Yorozu,K., Ueda,O., Akamatsu,K., Nishimoto,N., Kishimoto,T., Yoshizaki,K., Ohsugi,Y. Anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antibody suppresses Castleman's disease like symptoms emerged in IL-6 transgenic mice. Cytokine 2002; 20(-6-):304-311. >>> Interleukin-6; SC; Mice (transgenic); 1007D; 7 days; Functionality of mp verified by IL-6 serum levels; immunology; peptides; IL-6 is human recomb.

P5094 Matsuno,H., Yudoh,K., Katayama,R., Nakazawa,F., Uzuki,M., Sawai,T., Yonezawa,T., Saeki,Y., Panayi,G.S., Pitzalis,C., Kimura,T. The role of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): a study using a human RA/SCID mouse chimera. Rheumatology 2002; 41(--):329-337. >>> Tumor Necrosis Factor-a; Interleukin-6; Serum, fetal bovine; Culture medium, RPMI 1640; SC; mice; 1007D; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum cytokine levels; immunology; peptides; cytokines were recombinant; pump incorrectly called an osmium pump (p. 331); agents administered singly..

P4574 Kurek,J.B, Bower,J.J, White,J.D., Muldoon,C.M, Austin,L. Leukaemia inhibitory factor and other cytokines as factors influencing regeneration of skeletal muscle.. Basic Appl.Myol 1998; 8(-5-):347-360. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor; Interleukin-6; Transforming growth factor-a;; PBS;; IM;; mice;; 7 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; tissue perfusion (vastus lateralis muscle); peptides; targeted delivery of growth factors to the site of muscle injury via a cannula; "drug delivery targeted to a discrete tissue or organ offers signicant advantages over systemic administration". (p. 355).

P6303 Eitner,F., Westerhuis,R., Burg,M., Weinhold,B., Grone,H-J., Ostendorf,T., Ruther,U., Koch,K-M., Rees,A.J., Floege,J. Role of interleukin-6 in mediating mesangial cell proliferation and matrix production in vivo. Kidney Int. 1997; 51(--):69-78. >>> Interleukin-6, recomb. human; PBS; IP; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by mp explanted and cut open at day 7; dose-response (measured plasma concentrations); immunology.

P4088 Karkar,A.M., Smith,J., Tam,F.W.K., Pusey,C.D., Rees,A.J. Abrogation of glomerular injury in nephrotoxic nephritis by continuous infusion of interleukin-6. Kidney Int. 1997; 52(--):1313-1320. >>> Interleukin-6; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7,14 days; controls received mp w/saline; functionality of mp verified by IgG serum levels; pumps replaced after 7 days; no stress (see pg. 1315); immunology; peptides; recomb. human IL-6 used.

P4097 Plata-Salaman,C.R., Sonti,G., Borkoski,J.P., Wilson,C.D., ffrench-Mullen,J.M.H. Anorexia induced by chronic central administration of cytokines at estimated pathophysiological concentrations. Physiol.Behav. 1996; 60(-3-):867-875. >>> Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-1, beta heat inactivated; Interleukin-8; Interleukin-1, beta; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Saline, sterile physiological; BSA; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; guide cannula was used, and a sterile 29 g stainless steel obturator was used to ensure cannula patency during at least a 10 day recovery period after surgery; BSA added as stabilizing agent and carrier protein for cytokines; recomb. human IL-6&8 used.

P4094 Soda,K., Kawakami,M., Kashii,A., Miyata,M. Manifestations of cancer cachexia induced by colon 26 adenocarcinoma are not fully ascribable to interleukin-6. Int.J.Cancer 1995; 62(--):332-336. >>> Interleukin-6; Phosphate buffer; Serum, mouse; SC; mice; 2002; 9 days; cancer; peptides; recomb. human IL-6 used.

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12. Interleukin-7

P8210 Lucas,P.J., Kim,S.J., Mackall,C.L., Telford,W.G., Chu,Y.W., Hakim,T., Gress,R.E. Dysregulation of IL-15-mediated T-cell homeostasis in TGF-beta dominant-negative receptor transgenic mice. Blood 2006; 108(-8-):2789-2795. >>> Interleukin-7, recomb. mouse; SC; Mice (transgenic); 7-14 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; animal info (C57BL/6, 8-10 wk old).

P7263 Min,B., Yamane,H., Hu-Li,J., Paul,W.E. Spontaneous and homeostatic proliferation of CD4 T cells are regulated by different mechanisms. Journal of Immunology 2005; 174(-10-):6039-6044. >>> Interleukin-7, recomb. mouse; Mice; mice (transgenic); 7, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; immunology; peptides.

P6978 Chu,Y.W., Memon,S.A., Sharrow,S.O., Hakim,F.T., Eckhaus,M., Lucas,P.J., Gress,R.E. Exogenous IL-7 increases recent thymic emigrants in peripheral lymphoid tissue without enhanced thymic function. Blood 2004; 104(-4-):1110-1119. >>> Interleukin-7, recomb. mouse; PBS; sucrose; serum, normal mouse; SC; Mice; 1007D; 1002; 7,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (thymectomy); immunology.

P4126 Valenzona,H.O., Dhanoa,S., Finkelman,F.D., Osmond,D.G. Exogenous interleukin 7 as a proliferative stimulant of early precursor b cells in mouse bone marrow: efficacy of IL-7 injection, IL-7 infusion and IL-7-anti-IL-7 antibody complexes. Cytokine 1998; 10(-6-):404-412. >>> Interleukin-7; Water; Saline; Albumin, mouse serum; SC; mice; 1007D; no duration posted; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual protein in reservoir; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; no stress (see p. 406); immunology; recomb. murine&human IL-7 used; peptides.

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13. Interleukin-8

P3730 Garin,E.H., West,L., Zheng,W. Effect of interleukin-8 on glomerular sulfated compounds and albuminuria. Pediatric Nephrology 1997; 11(--):274-279. >>> Interleukin-8; BSA; IA (renal); rat; 2ML1; 5 days; controls received mp w/BSA; good methods (pg. 275); peptides; used PE-10 catheter stretched to further reduce its diameter.

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14. Interleukin-10

P7635 Ameredes,B.T., Zamora,R., Sethi,J.M., Liu,H.L., Kohut,L.K., Gligonic,A.L., Choi,A.M.K., Calhoun,W.J. Alterations in nitric oxide and cytokine production with airway inflammation in the absence of IL-10. Journal of Immunology 2005; 175(-2-):1206-1213. >>> Interleukin-10; Saline; SC; 3 days; Peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 6 weeks old).

P7208 Ameredes,B.T., Sethi,J.M., Liu,H.L., Choi,A.M.K., Calhoun,W.J. Enhanced nitric oxide production associated with airway hyporesponsiveness in the absence of IL-10. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 288(-5-):L868-L873. >>> Interleukin-10, recomb.mouse; Saline; SC; Mice; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (Fig. 4); peptides.

P6136 Goodman,S., Trindade,M., Ma,T., Lee,M., Wang,N., Ikenou,T., Matsuura,I., Miyanishi,K., Fox,N., Regula,D., Genovese,M., Klein,J., Bloch,D., Smith,R.L. Modulation of bone ingrowth and tissue differentiation by local infusi on of interleukin-10 in the presence of ultra-high molecular weight po lyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particles. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A 2003; 65A(-1-):43-50. >>> Interleukin-10; PBS; albumin, bovine serum; Bone; Rabbit; 2004; 3 or 6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; immunology; peptides; diagram of pump and bone chamber (p. 44).

P3931 Boehler,A., Chamberlain,D., Xing,Z., Slutsky,A.S., Jordana,M., Gauldie,J., Liu,M., Keshavjee,S. Adenovirus-mediated interleukin-10 gene transfer inhibits post-transplant fibrous airway obliteration in an animal model of bronchiolitis obliterans. Human Gene Therapy 1998; 9(--):541-551. >>> Interleukin-10; Saline; IP; rat; 2002; 14 days; functionality of mp verified by IL-10 plasma levels; immunology; peptides.

P3568 Persson,S., Mikulowska,A., Narula,S., O'Garra,A., Holmdahl,R. Interleukin-10 suppresses the development of collagen type II-induced arthritis and ameliorates sustained arthritis in rats. Scand.J.Immunol. 1996; 44(--):607-614. >>> Interleukin-10; PBS, sterile; SC; rat; 2ML2; 14 days; controls received mp w/ PBS; comparison of footpad injections vs. mp; immunology; peptides.

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15. Interleukin-11

P5900 Kuenzler,K.A., Pearson,P.Y., Schwartz,M.Z. IL-11 pretreatment reduces cell death after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Journal of Surgical Research 2002; 108(-2-):268-272. >>> Interleukin-11; Saline; IV (jugular); Rat; 1003D; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; IL-11 was human recomb; ischemia (intestinal).

P5148 Kuenzler,K.A., Pearson,P.Y., Schwartz,M.Z. Interleukin-11 enhances intestinal absorptive function after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2002; 37(--):457-459. >>> Interleukin-11; Saline; IV (jugular); rat; 1003D; 3 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; ischemia (bowel).

P3407 Leonard,J.P., Neben,T.Y., Kozitza,M.K., Quinto,C.M., Goldman,S.J. Constant subcutaneous infusion of rhIL-11 in mice: efficient delivery enhances biological activity. Exp.Hematol. 1996; 24(--):270-276. >>> Interleukin-11; Antibody, anti-interleukin-1 receptor; Serum, mouse; Saline, sterile; SC; mice; 3, 7, 10, 13 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; comparison of sc injections vs. mp; immunology; peptides; cardiovascular; "Compared to SC injection, both the magnitude and duration of the platelet increase were significantly enhanced following continuous SC infusion." (pg. 270).

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16. Interleukin-12

P7935 Chen,J.C., Chen,Y., Wu,J.M., Su,Y.H., Tai,K.F., Tseng,S.H. Effects of irradiated tumor vaccine and infusion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-12 on established gliomas in rats. CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY 2006; 55(-7-):873-883. >>> Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, recomb. mouse; interleukin-12, recomb. mouse; BSA; PBS; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or no treatment; cancer (RT-2 glioma); peptides; animal info (Fischer, 200-350 grams, SC and ICV tumors); "continuously infused cytokine using an osmotic mini pump to...avoid the side effects of a single large dose of cytokine and one with a concept similar to that of gene-therapy." (p. 874).

P6460 Sasaki,H., Balto,K., Kawashima,N., Eastcott,J., Hoshino,K., Akira,S., Stashenko,P. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma;) and IFN-gamma;-inducing cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 do not augment infection-stimulated bone resorption in vivo. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 2004; 11(-1-):106-110. >>> Interleukin-12; recomb.; PBS; SC; Mice; 1007D; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle;pumps replaced at day 7&day 14.

P6379 Mendel,I., Natarajan,K., Ben-Nun,A., Shevach,E.M. A novel protective model against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice expressing a transgenic TCR-specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2004; 149(-1-2-):10-21. >>> Interleukin-12; PBS; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Immunology.

P6352 Akhtar,N., Padilla,M.L., Dickerson,E.B., Steinberg,H., Breen,M., Auerbach,R., Helfand,S.C. Interleukin-12 inhibits tumor growth in a novel angiogenesis canine hemangiosarcoma xenograft model. NEOPLASIA 2004; 6(-2-):106-116. >>> Interleukin-12; PBS; SC; Mice (SCID); 2004; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by pump explantation, examination and tumor reduction; cancer (Hemangiosarcoma); peptides; pump model not listed; tumor cells from a canine.

P4117 Jean,W.C., Spellman,S.R., Wallenfriedman,M.A., Hall,W.A., Low,W.C. Interleukin-12-based immunotherapy against Rat 9L glioma. Neurosurgery 1998; 42(-4-):850-857. >>> Interleukin-12; PBS; Albumin, bovine serum; SC; rat; 2004; 20 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response (p. 851); "an immunotherapeutic approach using cytokine-infusing minipumps and irradiated tumor cells can circumvent many of the problems associated with most popular methods..." (p. 854); cancer; immunology; peptides; recomb. mouse IL-12 used.

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17. Interleukin-13

P7434 Kawakami,K., Kioi,M., Liu,Q., Kawakami,M., Puri,R.K. Evidence that IL-13R alpha-2 chain in human glioma cells is responsible for the antitumor activity mediated by receptor-directed cytotoxin therapy. Journal of Immunotherapy 2005; 28(-3-):193-202. >>> Interleukin-13-PE38; interleukin-13Ra2, pME18S-; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Mice (nude); 1003D; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or antisense IL-13Ra2 plasmid vector; pumps replaced after 3 days; cancer (glioblastoma); cyanoacrylate adhesive; convection enhanced delivery; IL-13Ra2 cDNA encoding plasmid vector; "the upregulated IL-13 Ra2 chain was successfully targeted with a continuous infusion of IL-13 cytotoxin." (p. 199).

P6923 Kawakami,K., Kawakami,M., Kioi,M., Husain,S.R., Puri,R.K. Distribution kinetics of targeted cytotoxin in glioma by bolus or convection-enhanced delivery in a murine model. Journal of Neurosurgery 2004; 101(-6-):1004-1011. >>> Interleukin-13, PE38; Albumin, human serum; PBS; CSF/CNS; Mice (nude); 1007D; 7 days; Comparison of CNS injections vs. mp; cancer (glioma); ALZET brain infusion kit; cyanoacrylate adhesive.

P6373 Souweidane,M.M., Occhiogrosso,G., Mark,E.B., Edgar,M.A. Interstitial infusion of IL13-PE38QQR in the rat brain stem. Journal of Neuro-oncology 2004; 67(-3-):287-293. >>> Interleukin-13,PE38QQR; Saline; serum albumin; CSF/CNS (brain stem); Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Tissue perfusion (brain stem); stability verified (7 days at 37 degrees Celsius); good methods p. 288; cancer; cyanoacrylate adhesive; pump incorrectly labeled as a 2001; IL13-PE38QQR is a tumor specific, chimeric cytotoxin; 30 g Plastics One Cannula used; vinyl catheter tubing from DURECT used.

P5439 Kawakami,K., Husain,S.R., Kawakami,M., Puri,R.K. Improved anti-tumor activity and safety of interleukin-13 receptor targeted cytotoxin by systemic continuous administration in head and neck cancer xenograft model. MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2002; 8(-8-):487-494. >>> Interleukin-13 endotoxin; PBS; IP; Mice (nude); 7 days; Comparison of IV injections vs mp; cancer (head and neck); IL-13 endotoxin, also called IL13-PE38QQR, is composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of a Pseudomonas endotoxin; compared to IV injections, continuous infusion decreased the toxicity and increased the efficacy of IL-13 cytotoxin.

P4522 Lai,Y.H., Mosmann,T.R. Mouse IL-13 enhances antibody production in vivo and acts directly on B cells in vitro to increase survival and hence antibody production.. The Journal of Immunology 1999; 162(--):78-87. >>> Interleukin-13;; PBS;; IP;; mice;; 7 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; Immunology; peptides; Recomb. mouse interleukin-13 used;.

P3409 Lai,Y.H., Heslan,J.-M., Poppema,S., Elliott,J.F., Mosmann,T.R. Continuous administration of IL-13 to mice induces extramedullary hemopoiesis and monocytosis. J.Immunol. 1996; 156(--):3166-3173. >>> Interleukin-13; IP; mice; 7 days; controls received phosphate buffered saline infusion; peptides.

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18. Interleukin-15

P6963 Harcourt,L.J., Holmes,A.G., Gregorevic,P., Schertzer,J.D., Stupka,N., Plant,D.R., Lynch,G.S. Interleukin-15 administration improves diaphragm muscle pathology and function in dystrophic mdx mice. American Journal of Pathology 2005; 166(-4-):1131-1141. >>> Interleukin-15; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 4 weeks; Pump modified to a 4 week infusion by partially dipping the pump in paraffin wax to reduce infusion rate to ~0.125 ul/hr.

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19. Interleukin-31

P7009 Dillon,S.R., Sprecher,C., Hammond,A., Bilsborough,J., Rosenfeld-Franklin,M., Presnell,S.R., Haugen,H.S., Maurer,M., Harder,B., Johnston,J., Bort,S., Mudri,S., Kuijper,J.L., Bukowski,T., Shea,P., Dong,D.L., Dasovich,M., Grant,F.J., Lockwood,L., Levin,S.D., LeCiel,C., Waggie,K., Day,H., Topouzis,S., Kramer,J., Kuestner,R., Chen,Z., Foster,D., Parrish-Novak,J., Gross,J.A. Interleukin 31, a cytokine produced by activated T cells, induces dermatitis in mice. NATURE IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 5(-7-):752-760. >>> Interleukin-31, mouse; PBS; BSA; SC; Mice; 7-14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; immunology.

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20. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor

P8153 Bauer,S., Patterson,P.H. Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes neural stem cell self-renewal in the adult brain. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-46-):12089-12099. >>> Ara-C; leukemia inhibitory factor, recomb. mouse; epidermal growth factor, recomb. human; Saline; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1003D; 1007D; 1, 3, 6, 7, days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit 2 or 3 used; peptides; animal info (adult, male, C57BL/6J, 2-6 months old).

P6100 Feeney,S.J., Austin,L., Bennett,T.M., Kurek,J.B., Jean-Francois,M.J.B., Muldoon,C., Byrne,E. The effect of leukaemia inhibitory factor on SOD1 G93A murine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cytokine 2003; 23(-4-5-):108-118. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Mice (transgenic); 2004; 13 weeks; Comparison of SC injections vs. IT mp; long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks; ALZET brain infusion kit 1 used (per Dr. Feeney); used the BIK for the IT infusion; glued and sutured the cannula in place; "All mice that entered the study recovered from the surgical procedure and appeared to have no adverse effects." (p. 111); neurodegenerative (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis).

P5692 Rolfe,B.E., Stamatiou,S., World,C.J., Brown,L., Thomas,A.C., Bingley,J.A., Worth,N.F., Campbell,J.H. Leukaemia inhibitory factor retards the progression of atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular Research 2003; 58(-1-):222-230. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor; Saline; IP; Rabbit; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; atherosclerosis.

P5632 Wahle,P., Di Cristo,G., Schwerdtfeger,G., Engelhardt,M., Berardi,N., Maffei,L. Differential effects of cortical neurotrophic factors on development of lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus neurons: anterograde and retrograde actions. Development 2003; 130(-3-):611-622. >>> Nerve growth factor; NT-4/5; brainderived neurotrophic factor; leukemia inhibitory factor; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ cytochrome C; peptides..

P4937 Cafferty,W.B.J., Gardiner,N.J., Gavazzi,I., Powell,J., McMahon,S.B., Heath,J.K., Munson,J., Cohen,J., Thompson,S.W.N. Leukemia inhibitory factor determines the growth status of injured adult sensory neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 2001; 21(-18-):7161-7170. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, Dorsal Root Ganglia); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; brain tissue distribution; recombinant human LIF used; some animals had undergone nerve injury axotomy on either the tibial or sciatic nerves, other remained uninjured.

P4364 Leong,J., Hayes,A., Austin,L., Morrison,W. Muscle protection following motor nerve repair in combination with leukemia inhibitory factor. J.Hand Surg.[Am] 1999; 24A(--):37-45. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor;; Serum, rat; Saline; Radio-isotopes; 125I tracer;; CSF/CNS (gastrocnemius nerve);; rat;; 2004;; 28 days;; controls received mp with vehicle; tissue perfusion (nerve repair site); functionality of mp verified by cross-section; peptides; recomb. mouse LIF used; rat serum reduced binding to pump reservoir; bioavailabilitiy of LIF was 50%; diagram of experimental model (p. 40).

P3974 Cheema,S.S., Arumugam,D., Murray,S.S., Bartlett,P.F. Leukemia inhibitory factor maintains choline acetyltransferase expression in vivo. NeuroReport 1998; 9(-3-):363-366. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/PBS; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used.

P3810 Moran,C.S., Campbell,J.H., Campbell,G.R. Human leukemia inhibitory factor upregulates LDL receptors on liver cells and decreases serum cholesterol in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 1997; 17(--):1267-1273. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor; PBS; IP; rabbit; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels and residual volume; peptides; recomb. human leukemia inhibitory factor used; wrong pump model number described in methods section as 4ML2; graph of pump functionality shown on page 1270; "The present study showed that the osmotic minipumps delivered the prescribed volume throughout the entire 4-week treatment." (p. 1271).

P3644 Akita,S., Malkin,J., Melmed,S. Disrupted murine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) gene attenuates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. Endocrinology 1996; 137(-7-):3140-3143. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor; SC; mice; 1007D; 5 days; controls received PBS infusion; peptides; mice had disrupted LIF gene; recomb. human LIF used.

P3592 Kurek,J., Bower,J., Romanella,M., Austin,L. Leukemia inhibitory factor treatment stimulates muscle regeneration in the mdx mouse. Neuroscience Letters 1996; 212(--):167-170. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor; Saline; Serum, mouse; IM; mice; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (muscle); peptides; recomb. murine LIF used.

P3557 Tang,W.W., Qi,M., Van,G.Y., Wariner,G.P., Samal,B. Leukemia inhibitory factor ameliorates experimental anti-GBM Ab glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 1996; 50(--):1922-1927. >>> Leukemia inhibitory factor; Saline; IP; rat; 1003D; 24 hours; controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; "Continuous infusion of rhLIF was chosen due to the short half-life of this peptide" (p.1926); recomb. human LIF used.

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21. Tumor Necrosis Factor

P8246 Sud,R., Ignatowski,T.A., Lo,C.P.K., Spengler,R.N. Uncovering molecular elements of brain-body communication during development and treatment of neuropathic pain. BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY 2007; 21(-1-):112-124. >>> Tumor necrosis Factor-a, recomb. rat: tumor necrosis factor-a, recomb. rat, heat-inactivated; amitriptyline; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or heat-inactivated rr-TNFa; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g); chronic constriction injury to the right sciatic nerve.

P8369 Peterson,J.M., Feeback,K.D., Baas,J.H., Pizza,F.X. Tumor necrosis factor-a promotes the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology 2006; 101(-5-):1394-1399. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-a, recomb. mouse; Saline, physiological; Albumin, mouse serum; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume;no stress (see pg. 1396); peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 27-30g.).

P7788 Suzuki,Y., Aoki,K., Saito,H., Umeda,M., Nitta,H., Baron,R., Ohya,K. A tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist inhibits inflammatory bone resorption induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in mice. Journal of Periodontal Research 2006; 41(-2-):81-91. >>> Tumor necrosis factor receptor peptide WP9QY; PBS; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 4); no stress (see pg. 85, 89-90); peptides; animal info (Balb/c, male, 4 wk. old); 10% DMSO; "the WP9QY peptide degrades very fast, which is the reason why we use osmotic mini pump in this study" (pg. 9).

P7787 Aoki,K., Saito,H., Itzstein,C., Ishiguro,M., Shibata,T., Blanque,R., Mian,A.H., Takahashi,M., Suzuki,Y., Yoshimatsu,M., Yamaguchi,A., Deprez,P., Mollat,P., Murali,R., Ohya,K., Horne,W.C., Baron,R. A TNF receptor loop peptide mimic blocks RANK ligand-induced signaling, bone resorption, and bone loss. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2006; 116(-6-):1525-1534. >>> Tumor necrosis factor receptor peptide WP9QY; peptides, synthetic; PBS; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2002; 4 weeks; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or control peptide; dose-response (pg. 1530); pumps replaced after 2 weeks; no stress ( see pg. 1529); peptides; animal info (female, C57BL/6J, 12 wk old); 10% DMSO; inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.

P8058 Wahl,E.C., Perrien,D.S., Aronson,J., Liu,Z.D., Fletcher,T.W., Skinner,R.A., Feige,U., Suva,L.J., Badger,T.M., Lumpkin,CK Jr. Ethanol-induced inhibition of bone formation in a rat model of distraction osteogenesis: A role for the tumor necrosis factor signaling axis. ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2005; 29(-8-):1466-1472. >>> Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; tumor necrosis factor-a, recomb. rat; interleukin-1, recomb. rat; PBS; BSA; SC; bone (tibia); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig 3); no stress (see p. 1467, 1468, 1469); peptides; post op. care (buprenex); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley).

P7251 LaMarca,B.B.D., Cockrell,K., Sullivan,E., Bennett,W., Granger,J.P. Role of endothelin in mediating tumor necrosis factor-induced hypertension in pregnant rats. Hypertension 2005; 46(-1-):82-86. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-a; Saline; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum TNF-a levels; cardiovascular.

P6776 Reynolds,J.L., Ignatowski,T.A., Sud,R., Spengler,R.N. Brain-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its involvement in noradrenergic neuron functioning involved in the mechanism of action of an antidepressant. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2004; 310(-3-):1216-1225. >>> Tumor necrosis factor, recomb. rat; tumor necrosis factor, recomb. rat inactivated; serum, rabbit; antibody, polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse TNF; CSF, artificial; albumin, rat; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or heat-inactivated rr TNF; no stress (see pg. 1217-18); ALZET Brain Infusion Kit used.

P6437 Wenk,G.L., gann-Gramling,K., Hauss-Wegrzyniak,B. The presence of the APPswe mutation in mice does not increase the vulnerability of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons to neuroinflammation. Neuroscience 2004; 125(-3-):769-776. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; memantine; CSF, artificial; saline; CSF/CNS (basal forebrain); Mice (transgenic); 1002; 20 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (basal forebrain); multiple pumps per animal (2); Plastics One cannula used with tygon tubing; secured with dental cement; second pump contained memantine/saline and was implanted on the other side of the spine.

P6653 Gaspersic,R., Stiblar-Martincic,D., Osredkar,J., Skaleric,U. In vivo administration of recombinant TNF-alpha promotes bone resorption in mice. Journal of Periodontal Research 2003; 38(-4-):446-448. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, recomb. mouse; PBS, pyrogen-free; PBS, sterile; SC; bone (parietal); Mice; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P6080 Wenk,G.L., McGann,K., Hauss-Wegrzyniak,B., Rosi,S. The toxicity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha; upon cholinergic neurons within the nucleus basalis and the role of norepinephrine in the regulation of inflammation: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2003; 121(-3-):719-729. >>> Tumor necrosis factor, alpha; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (basal forebrain); Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (basal forebrain); Plastics One cannula used; "A volume overload to the brain tissue is minimal using this procedure because the 0.25 ul/hr administered contributes only about 0.2% of the total CSF volume produced by the mouse each hour..." p. 720; post op. care (1.0 ml of sterile saline (S.C) injected to prevent dehydration); neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease).

P5906 Nadeau,S., Rivest,S. Glucocorticoids play a fundamental role in protecting the brain during innate immune response. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-13-):5536-5544. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; L-NAME; endotoxin, LPS; Saline; BSA; ascorbic acid; PIPES; DMSO; CSF/CNS (cortex, dorsal basal ganglia); Rat; 2004; 3,7,14,21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (cerebral tissue&dorsal ganglia); enzyme inhibitor (nitric oxide); brain tissue distribution; guid cannula used; TNF-a was dissolved in saline + 0.1% BSA + 0.01% ascorbic acid; L-NAME was dissolved in PIPES&10% DMSO&infused into the dorsal basal ganglia.

P5774 Torrente,Y., El Fahime,E., Caron,N.J., Del Bo,R., Belicchi,M., Pisati,F., Tremblay,J.P., Bresolin,N. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulates chemotactic response in mouse myogenic cells. CELL TRANSPLANTATION 2003; 12(-1-):91-100. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-a; Saline; IM; Mice; 2002; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (tibialis anterior muscle); dose-response (p.95 fig M); perforated PE tubing used.

P5737 Gaspersic,R., Stiblar-Martincic,D., Osredkar,J., Skaleric,U. Influence of subcutaneous administration of recombinant TNF-alpha on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Journal of Periodontal Research 2003; 38(-2-):198-203. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-a; PBS; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress "the pumps were tolerated well by the animals" (see pg. 199).

P5400 Ruan,H., Miles,P.D.G., Ladd,C.M., Ross,K., Golub,T.R., Olefsky,J.M., Lodish,H.F. Profiling gene transcription in vivo reveals adipose tissue as an immediate target of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-Implications for insulin resistance. Diabetes 2002; 51(-11-):3176-3188. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-a; PBS; BSA; IV (mesenteric); Rat; 2001D; 2ML1; 4 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; 1% BSA used.

P5217 Alexander,B.T., Cockrell,K.L., Massey,M.B., Bennett,W.A., Granger,J.P. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced hypertension in pregnant rats results in decreased renal neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression. Am.J Hypertens 2002; 15(-2 Pt 1-):170-175. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-a; Saline; IV (jugular); Rat (pregnant); 2002; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality verified by plasma levels; peptides; recomb. rat TNF-a used; hypertension.

P5199 Homma,Y., Brull,S.J., Zhang,J.M. A comparison of chronic pain behavior following local application of tumor necrosis factor alpha to the normal and mechanically compressed lumbar ganglia in the rat. Pain 2002/2; 95(-3-):239-246. >>> Tumor Necrosis Factor-a; Tumor Necrosis Factor-a, soluble receptor; HEPES, buffered saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; silicon tubing used to perfuse L5 region dorsal root ganglion; good graphics (p.240); recomb. soluble TNF-a receptor.

P5196 El Haj,T., Poole,S., Farthing,M.J., Ballinger,A.B. Anorexia in a rat model of colitis: interaction of interleukin-1 and hypothalamic serotonin. Brain Res 2002/2/8; 927(-1-):1-7. >>> Antibody, anti-Tumor necrosis factor-a; Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; Immunoglobulin G; Saline; CSF/CNS (paraventricular nucleus); CSF/CNS; Rat; 1007D; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality verified by checking residual volume; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); 1007D delivered IL-1 receptor antagonist or saline to paraventricular nucleus; 2001 pumps delivered anti-TNF-a antibody to PVN; bilateral cannulae used.

P4672 Nickola,T.J., Ignatowski,T.A., Spengler,R.N. Antidepressant drug administration modifies the interactive relationship between a2-adrenergic sensitivity and levels of TNF in the rat brain.. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2000; 107(--):50-58. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-a;; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 14 days;; Stability verified by WEHI-13 VAR fibroblast cylotoxicity assay; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; recomb. rat TNF used;.

P4463 Lee,H.-M, Takeyama,K, Dabbagh,K, Lausier,J.A, Ueki,I.F, Nadel,J.A. Agarose plug instillation causes goblet cell metaplasia by activating EGF receptors in rat airways.. Am.J.Physiol.(Lung Cell.Mol.Physiol.) 2000; 278(--):L185-L192. >>> Antibody, anti-tumor necrosis factor-a;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2ML1;; ; peptides;.

P4618 Postma,N.S, Hermsen,C.C., Crommelin,D.J.A, Zuidema,J, Eling,W.M.C. Treatment with recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-a reduces parasitaemia and prevents Plasmodium berghei K173- induced experimental cerebral malaria in mice.. Parasitology 1999; 118(--):7-15. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-a;; Saline;; IP;; mice;; 2001;; 7 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionlaity of mp verified by increased concentration of soluble mouse TNF receptor R 75; comparison of SC injections of free or liposome-encapsulated TNF vs. mp; half-life is less than 20 minutes (p. 12); immunology; peptides; 10 fold lower dose was needed when TNF-alpha was infused rather than injected..

P4390 Ignatowski,T.A., Covey,W.C., Knight,P.R., Severin,C.M., Nickola,T.J., Spengler,R.N. Brain-derived TNFa mediates neuropathic pain. Brain Research 1999; 841(--):70-77. >>> Antibody, monoclonal hamster anti-murine TNFalpha; Antibody, polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse TNFa; Tumor necrosis factor-a;; CSF, artificial; Gentamycin; Albumin, rat;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 2002;; 14 days;; controls received mp with aCSF, normal rabbit serum or Armenian hamster IgG isotype control antibody; stability of each antibody, control, and rrTNFa verified by bioassay following 14 days of incubation in aCSF at 37ºC; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; pain;.

P6327 Bozkurt,B., Kribbs,S.B., Clubb,F.J., Michael,L.H., Didenko,V.V., Hornsby,P.J., Seta,Y., Oral,H., Spinale,F.G., Mann,D.L. Pathophysiologically Relevant Concentrations of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Promote Progressive Left Ventricular Dysfucntion and Remodeling in Rats. Circulation 1998; 97(--):1382-1391. >>> Tumor Necrosis factor-alpha; Albumin, rat serum; IP; Rat; 2002; 15 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by tail blood samples; no stress (see pg. 1387); stability verified by tail blood samples; cardiovascular; peptides; TNF-a was recombinant human.

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References on the Administration of Cytokines Using ALZET® Osmotic Pumps

1. Colony-stimulating Factor, G

2. Colony-stimulating Factor, GM

3. Colony-stimulating Factor, M

4. Erythropoietin

5. Interferons

6. Interleukin-1

7. Interleukin-2

8. Interleukin-3

9. Interleukin-4

10. Interleukin-5

11. Interleukin-6

12. Interleukin-7

13. Interleukin-8

14. Interleukin-10

15. Interleukin-11

16. Interleukin-12

17. Interleukin-13

18. Interleukin-15

19. Interleukin-31

20. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor

21. Tumor Necrosis Factor

Sterile Catheter Tubing for Infusion Studies

References on the Administration of Cytokines Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps