References on the Administration of Cortisol Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

P7146 Martinez,A.S., Cutler,C.P., Wilson,G.D., Phillips,C., Hazon,N., Cramb,G. Regulation of expression of two aquaporin homologs in the intestine of the European eel: effects of seawater acclimation and cortisol treatment. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2005; 288(-6-):R1733-R1743. >>> Cortisol; Cyclodextrin, beta; IP; Fish (eel); 1003D; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cortisol plasma levels; yellow/silver eels with an ambient temp. of 5-14 degrees celsius, 30 degrees celsius Cyclodextrin used; pumps implanted IP; per contact with author.

P7143 Martinez,A.S., Cutler,C.P., Wilson,G.D., Phillips,C., Hazon,N., Cramb,G. Cloning and expression of three aquaporin homologues from the European eel (Anguilla anguilla): effects of seawater acclimation and cortisol treatment on renal expression. Biology of the Cell 2005; 97(-8-):615-627. >>> Cortisol; Cyclodextrin, beta; IP; Fish (eel); 1003D; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by cortisol plasma levels; pumps implanted IP per contact with author.

P6093 Metz,J.R., van den Burg,E.H., Bonga,S.E.W., Flik,G. Regulation of branchial Na+/K+-ATPase in common carp Cyptinus carpio L . acclimated to different temperatures. Journal of Experimental Biology 2003; 206(-13-):2273-2280. >>> Cortisol; Cyclodextrin, beta; IP; Fish (carp); 1007D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by cortisol plasma levels taken; "this approach was used instead of cortisol injection, which evokes stress responses due to repetitive handling..." (p. 2275).

P5333 Pacak,K., Tjurmina,O., Palkovits,M., Goldstein,D.S., Koch,C.A., Hoff,T., Chrousos,G.P. Chronic hypercortisolemia inhibits dopamine synthesis and turnover in the nucleus accumbens: An in vivo microdialysis study. Neuroendocrinology 2002; 76(-3-):148-157. >>> Cortisol; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline.

P3347 Wolfovitz,E., Pacak,K., Abassi,Z., Kopin,I.J., Goldstein,D.S. Effects of hypercortisolemia or hyperinsulinemia on neurochemical indices of catecholamine release and synthesis in conscious rats. J.Auton.Nerv.Syst. 1995; 54(--):104-112. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 1 week; controls received mp w/saline.

P3326 Pacak,K., Palkovits,M., Kvetnansky,R., Matern,P., Hart,C., Kopin,I.J., Goldstein,D.S. Cathecholaminergic inhibition by hypercortisolemia in the paraventricular nucleus of conscious rats. Endocrinology 1995; 136(-11-):4814-4819. >>> Cortisol; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/saline.

P2851 Sangild,P.T., Sjostrom,H., Noren,O., Fowden,A.L., Silver,M. The prenatal development and glucocorticoid control of brush-border hydrolases in the pig small intestine. Pediatr.Res. 1995; 37(-2-):207-212. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; pig (fetus); 2001; 6 days; controls received mp with saline; after surgery fetuses received 50 mg of ampicillin into the amniotic cavity; sows maintained on antibiotics 3-4 days after surgery.

P2823 Popnikolov,N.K., Yang,J., Guzman,R.C., Swanson,S.M., Thordarson,G., Collins,G., Talamantes,F., Nandi,S. In vivo growth stimulation of collagen gel embedded normal human and mouse primary mammary epithelial cells. J.Cell.Physiology 1995; 163(--):51-60. >>> Epidermal growth factor; Cortisol; Toxin, cholera; Uridine, bromodeoxy-;; Medium 199;; SC; gel;; mice (nude);; 1003D;; 3 days;; peptides; "tissue perfusion" -- gel containing human mammary epithelial cells was infused; estradiol, progesterone, and cholesterol combinations administered via silastic capsules EGF cholera toxin and hydrocortisone stimulated DNA synthesis substantially with the greatest response seen in the gel proximal to the pump: local delivery appears to be superior to injection;.

P2997 Shrimpton,J.M., Randall,D.J. Downregulation of corticosteroid receptors in gills of coho salmon due to stress and cortisol treatment. Am.J.Physiol. 1994; 267(-36-):R432-R438. >>> Cortisol, 21-hemisuccinate; Saline; Cyclodextrin; IP; fish; 18 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle or no surgery; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; comparison of ip injections and daily handling vs. mp; no stress (see pg. R433); stability verified for 18 days at 7.5 degrees C; only chronic infusion resulted in reduction of corticosteroid receptor number and affinity; cyclodextrin was Molecusol HBP.

P2957 Sangild,P.T., Hilsted,L., Nexo,E., Fowden,A.L., Silver,M. Secretion of acid, gastrin, and cobalamin-binding proteins by the fetal pig stomach: developmental regulation by cortisol. Exp.Physiology 1994; 79(--):135-146. >>> Cortisol; SC; pig (fetus); 2001; 6 days; controls received mp with saline or no operation; mp implanted just behind ribs; ampicillin given via amniotic fluid.

P2956 Sangild,P.T., Silver,M., Fowden,A.L., Turvey,A., Foltmann,B. Adrenocortical stimulation of stomach development in the prenatal pig. Biol.Neonate 1994; 65(--):378-389. >>> Cortisol; ACTH(1-24); Saline; SC; pig (fetus); 2001; 6 days; controls received mp with saline; peptides.

P2955 Sangild,P.T., Westrom,B.R., Fowden,A.L., Silver,M. Developmental regulation of the porcine exocrine pancreas by glucocorticoids. J.Pediatr.Gastroenterology and Nutrition 1994; 19(--):204-212. >>> Cortisol; ACTH; Saline; SC; pig (fetus); 2001; 6 days; controls received mp with saline; peptides; no stress: mp was generally well tolerated; the cortisol used was hydrocortisone hemisuccinate.

P3238 Lobo,M.J., Remesar,X., Alemany,M. Effect of chronic intravenous injection of steroid hormones on body weight and composition of female rats. Biochem.Molec.Biol.Intl. 1993; 29(-2-):349-358. >>> Progesterone; Cortisol; Cortisone; Corticosterone; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Androstenedione, 4-; Androstendiol, 5-; Testosterone; Nortestosterone, 19-; Estradiol, B-; Estrone; Estriol; Deoxycorticosterone; PEG 400; IV (lower cava); rat; 2002; 15 days; controls received mp with PEG; no stress (see pg. 351); pumps placed into peritoneal cavity and sutured to musculature; surgical wound sprinkled with sulphathiazol.

P3216 Kvetnansky,R., Fukuhara,K., Pacak,K., Cizza,G., Goldstein,D.S., Kopin,I.J. Endogenous glucocorticoids restrain catecholamine synthesis and release at rest and during immobilization stress in rats. Endocrinology 1993; 133(-3-):1411-1419. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; no comment posted.

P2903 Pacak,K., Kvetnansky,R., Palkovits,M., Fukuhara,K., Yadid,G., Kopin,I.J., Goldstein,D.S. Adrenalectomy augments in vivo release of norepinephrine in the paraventricular nucleus during immobilization stress. Endocrinology 1993; 133(--):1404-1410. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp with vehicle or sham operation; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy).

P2405 Pacak,K., Armando,I., Komoly,S., Fukuhara,K., Weise,V.K., Holmes,C., Kopin,I.J., Goldstein,D.S. Hypercortisolemia inhibits yohimbine-induced release of norepinephrine in the posterolateral hypothalamus of conscious rats. Endocrinology 1992; 131(-3-):1369-1376. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; microdialysis.

P2025 Teicher,B.A., Sotomayor,E.A., Huang,Z.D. Antiangiogenic agents potentiate cytotoxic cancer therapies against primary and metastatic disease. Cancer Res. 1992; 52(--):6702-6704. >>> Cyclodextrin-beta tetradecasulfate; Cortisol, tetrahydro-; SC; mice; 2002; 14 days; cancer.

P2682 Chatterton,R.T., Kazer,R.R., Rebar,R.W. Depletion of luteal phase serum progesterone during constant infusion of cortisol phosphate in the cynomolgus monkey. Fertil.Steril. 1991; 56(-3-):547-554. >>> Cortisol 21-phosphate; Saline; SC; monkey; 2001; 2ML2; 8 weeks; controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by plasma level assay; pumps replaced every 7 or 14 days.

P2594 Andersen,D.E., Reid,S.D., Moon,T.W., Perry,S.F. Metabolic effects associated with chronically elevated cortisol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci. 1991; 48(-9-):1811-1817. >>> Cortisol; Cyclodextrin, B-; IA (dorsal aorta); fish (rainbow trout); 2001; 10-14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham operation; functionality of mp verified by RIA of plasma levels; stress from surgery caused hyperglycemia (p.816) for 22 hours; "Mini-osmotic pumps. . .were an effective method for chronically elevating cortisol titers in trout."; Molecusol HBP is a beta-cyclodextrin.

P1548 Szemeredi,K., Zukowska-Groject,Z., Bagdy,G., Fekete,M.I., Kopin,J. Opposite effects of chronic cortisol treatment on pre- and postsynaptic actions of clonidine in pithed rats. J.Auton.Pharmac. 1989; 9(--):35-43. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; dose-response; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels.

P1303 Szemeredi,K., Bagdy,G., Stull,R., Calogero,A.E., Kopin,I.J., Goldstein,D.S. Sympathoadrenomedullary inhibition by chronic glucocorticoid treatment in conscious rats. Endocrinology 1988; 123(-5-):2585-2590. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; dose-response; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels.

P1269 Elam,M.B., Simkevich,C.P., Solomon,S.S., Wilcox,H.G., Heimberg,M. Stimulation of in vitro triglyceride synthesis in the rat hepatocyte by growth hormone treatment in vivo. Endocrinology 1988; 122(-4-):1397-1402. >>> Cortisol; Growth hormone, human; Triiodothyronine; Sodium hydroxide; Saline; SC; rat; 7, 14 days; pump model not stated; male rats infused for 7 days, females for 14; agents infused separately; replacement therapy (hypophysectomy); peptides.

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