References on the Administration of Calcitonin and Calcitriol Using
ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

1. Calcitonin

P7608 Xia,C.F., Yin,H., Borlongan,C.V., Chao,J., Chao,L. Postischemic infusion of adrenomedullin protects against ischemic stroke by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis. Experimental Neurology 2006; 197(-2-):521-530. >>> Adrenomedullin, human; calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37); Saline; SC; Rat; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley 220 g); middle cerebral artery occlusion; "continuous and longterm infusion of AM starting at day 1 after I/.

P6828 Yuan,B.Z., Xing,Y., Horst,R.L., Drezner,M.K. Evidence for abnormal translational regulation of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase activity in the Hyp-mouse. Endocrinology 2004; 145(-8-):3804-3812. >>> Parathyroid hormone, bovine 1-34; calcitonin, salmon; Saline, physiological; cysteine hydrochloride; SC; Mice; 1003D; 2001; 12 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P6472 Yin,H., Chao,L., Chao,J. Adrenomedullin protects against myocardial apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion through activation of Akt-GSK signaling. Hypertension 2004; 43(-1-):109-116. >>> Calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37); IP; Rat; ; Cardiovascular; peptides; ischemia (cardiac).

P5794 Qing,X., Wimalawansa,S.J., Keith,I.M. Specific N-terminal CGRP fragments mitigate chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2003; 110(-2-):93-99. >>> Calcitonin gene-related peptide (1-8), alpha-Rat; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (1-13), alpha-Rat; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (1-14), alpha-Rat; Saline; Bacitracin; IV (jugular); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive; peptides; N-terminal rat alpha-CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) was dissolved in saline with 1 mg/ml of Bacitracin&infused in either a 2002 (lower doses) or a 2ML2 (higher doses).

P6141 Gangula,P.R.R., Wimalawansa,S.J., Yallampalli,C. Sex steroid hormones enhance hypotensive effects of calcitonin gene-re lated peptide in aged female rats. Biology of Reproduction 2002; 67(-6-):1881-1887. >>> Calcitonin gene-related peptide; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 4 days; Blood pressure taken; peptides.

P5575 Gangula,P.R.R., Dong,Y.L., Wimalawansa,S.J., Yallampalli,C. Infusion of pregnant rats with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)( 8-37), a CGRP receptor antagonist, increases blood pressure and fetal mortality and decreases fetal growth. Biology of Reproduction 2002; 67(-2-):624-629. >>> Calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37); saline; SC; rat (pregnant); 2ML2; ; controls received mp with saline; stability verified by mass spectrometry for 14 days (p. 625); peptides; agent is a potent vasodilator.

P5485 Imai,Y., Shindo,T., Maemura,K., Sata,M., Saito,Y., Kurihara,Y., Akishita,M., Osuga,J., Ishibashi,S., Tobe,K., Morita,H., Oh-hashi,Y., Suzuki,T., Maekawa,H., Kangawa,K., Minamino,N., Yazaki,Y., Nagai,R., Kurihara,H. Resistance to neointimal hyperplasia and fatty streak formation in mice with adrenomedullin overexpression. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 22(-8-):1310-1315. >>> Calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37); IP; Mice; 1002; 28 days; Paper incorrectly states the release rate and duratioin of Model 1002 which delivers at 0.25 ul/hr for 14 days; CGRP is an adrenomedullin receptor antagonist.

P5359 Wang,W., Lewin,E., Olgaard,K. Role of calcitonin in the rapid minute-to-minute regulation of plasma Ca2+ homeostasis in the rat. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002; 32(-9-):674-681. >>> Calcitonin, salmon; Acetic acid; Sodium acetic; Sodium chloride; water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; 24 hours; Functionality of mp verified by calcitonin plasma levels.

P6319 Dani,B.A., DeLuca,P.P. Skeletal Effects of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) in Ovariectomized Rats With or Without Concurrent Administration of Salmon Calcitonin. Pharmsci 2001; 3(-4-):1-7. >>> Parathyroid hormone, human 1-34; calcitonin, salmon; Acetate buffer; saline; SC; Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham ovx + mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum levels; replacement therapy (ovariectomy); comparison of daily PTH sc injections vs. mp; peptides.

P4930 Buffelli,M., Pasino,E., Cangiano,A. In vivo acetylcholine receptor expression induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat soleus muscle. Neuroscience 2001; 104(-2-):561-567. >>> Calcitonin gene-related peptide; Saline; IM (soleus); rat; 2002; ; controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (soleus muscle extrajunctional surface).

P4895 Chu,D.Q., Legon,S., Smith,D.M., Costa,S.K.P., Cuttitta,F., Brain,S.D. The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist CGRP(8-37) blocks vasodilatation in inflamed rat skin: involvement of adrenomedullin in addition to CGRP. Neuroscience Letters 2001; 310(--):169-172. >>> Calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37); Saline; Bovine serum albumin; SC; rat; ; controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; CGRP (8-37) is a calcitonin gene related peptide antagonist. BSA was .01% in saline to prevent adsorption..

P4828 Buffelli,M., Busetto,G., Cangiano,A. The use of in vivo direct drug application to assess neural regulation of muscle properties.. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2001; 106(--):113-120. >>> Tetrodotoxin; Potassium Chloride; Calcitonin gene-related peptide;; Saline; Dye, methylene blue;; IM (soleus); rat;; 2001; 2002;; 3 - 8 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (soleus muscle); detailed methods for catheter construction and surgical procedures (p. 114 - 115); Lynch coil technique used; pump filled w/ saline and agents loaded in modified PE-100 tubing; solutions separated by oil drop; pumps w/ various flow rates were tested but model 2002 was chosed because its small flow rate permits to avoid excessive fluid accumulation on muscle surface; diagram of pump-catheter assembly and location (p. 114);.

P4623 Wimalawansa,S.J, Yallampalli,C. Pre-eclamptic toxemia: potential new therapy based on animal studies.. Ceylon Medical Journal 1998; 43(--):138-144. >>> L-NAME; Calcitonin gene-related peptide; Saline, sterile;; SC;; rat(pregnant);; 2ML1;; 1 week;; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; CGRP and L-NAME or vehicle delivered from separate pumps concomitantly..

P4110 Reinshagen,M., Flamig,G., Ernst,S., Geerling,I., Wong,H., Walsh,J.H., Eysselein,V.E., Adler,G. Calcitonin gene-related peptide mediates the protective effect of sensory nerves in a model of colonic injury. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1998; 286(-2-):657-661. >>> Calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37); Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; CGRP (8-37) is a calcitonin receptor antagonist; peptides.

P3929 Tordoff,M.G., Hughes,R.L., Pilchak,D.M. Calcium intake by rats: influence of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Am.J.Physiol. 1998; 274(-43-):R214-R231. >>> Parathyroid hormone; Calcitonin; Vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy-; NaCl; HCl; Cysteine; Saline, isotonic; SC; rat; 2002; 13 days; controls received sham tubing; functionality of mp verified by hormone assays; replacement therapy (thyroidectomy, thyroparathyroidectomy); dose-response; stress/adverse reaction: high doses led to animal death; peptides; agents given singly and in combination.

P3917 Hutson,J.M., Watts,L.M., Farmer,P.J. Congenital undescended testes in neonatal pigs and the effect of exogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide. J.Urol. 1998; 159(--):1025-1028. >>> Calcitonin gene-related peptide; scrotal; pig (neonate); 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/PBS; tissue perfusion (undescended testes); replacement therapy (cryptorchidism); dose-response; peptides; "Injection of excess CGRP into the scrotum may delay descent...the pig model has overcome some of these difficulties as the osmotic pump allowed precise, continuous release of low levels of CGRP." (pg. 1027);"Inguinal testes moved closer to the osmotic pumps containing CGRP...(while) CGRP injections into the scrotum in neonatal mice actually inhibited descent rather than promoting it." (pg. 1027).

P3547 Gangula,P.R.R., Wimalawansa,S.J., Yallampalli,C. Progesterone up-regulates vasodilator effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide in NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1997; 176(--):894-900. >>> L-NAME; Calcitonin gene-related peptide; Saline, sterile; SC; rat (pregnant); 2ML2; no duration posted; controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; agents given singly and concomitantly in the same pump; cardiovascular.

P4223 Li,M., Shen,Y., Burton,Y., DeLuca,P.P., Mehta,P.P., Baumann,B.D., Wronski,T.J. A comparison of the skeletal effects of intermittent and continuous administration of calcitonin in ovariectomized rats. Bone 1996; 18(-4-):375-380. >>> Calcitonin, salmon; Saline; Benzyl alcohol; Gelatin; rat; 6 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by calcitonin plasma levels by radioimmunoassay; comparison of s.c. injections vs. mp; pumps replaced after 3 weeks; peptides.

P3194 Hemmingsen,C., Staun,M., Lewin,E., Olgaard,K. Regulation of renal calbindin-D28K: the role of calcitonin. Calcif.Tissue Int. 1995; 56(--):372-375. >>> Calcitonin, salmon; Aminocaproic acid; HCI; rat; 2ML1; 4 days; controls received mp with vehicle.

P2283 Golomb,G., Avramoff,A., Hoffman,A. A new route of drug administration: intrauterine delivery of insulin and calcitonin. Pharmaceut.Res. 1993; 10(-6-):828-833. >>> Calcitonin, human; intrauterine; SC; rat; 2001; 14 days; tissue perfusion (uterus); dose-response (graph, p.832); comparison of polyurethane matrices vs mp.

P1714 Yates,A.J., Gutierrez,G.E., Garrett,I.R., Nuss,G.W., Schreiber,A.B., Mundy,G.R. A noncyclical analog of salmon calcitonin (N-a-propionyl di-Ala1,7,des-Leu19 sCT) retains full potency without inducing anorexia in rats. Endocrinology 1990; 126(-6-):2845-2849. >>> Calcitonin analog; Calcitonin, synthetic salmon; Gelatin; Saline; SC; mice; 2001; 48 hours; pumps were reimplanted in a second animal; analog is RG-12851.

P1087 Bouizar,Z., Rostene,W.H., Milhaud,G. Down-regulation of rat kidney calcitonin receptors by salmon calcitonin infusion evidenced by autoradiography. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. 1987; 84(--):5125-5128. >>> Calcitonin, salmon; Aminocaproic acid; SC; rat; 2002; 1, 4, 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response; mp primed w/saline 12 hours before implantation; stability; peptides.

P0863 Jaeger,P., Jones,W., Clemens,T.L., Hayslett,J.P. Evidence that calcitonin stimulates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production and intestinal absorption of calcium in vivo. J.Clin.Invest. 1986; 78(--):456-461. >>> Calcitonin; SC; rat; 2002; 6-12 days; controls received sham implantation; replacement therapy (thyroparathyroidectomy); peptides.

P1252 Rebut-Bonneton,C., Demignon,J., Amor,B., Miravet,L. Effect of calcitonin in pregnant rats on bone resorption in fetuses. J.Endocrinol. 1983; 99(-3-):347-353. >>> Calcitonin, salmon; Albumin, bovine serum; PBS; SC; rat (pregnant); 5 days; pump model not stated; replacement therapy (thyroparathyroidectomy); peptides.

P0272 Bastian,J.W., Luna,P.D., Aldred,G.P. (Calcitonin: consideration of its dosage and other aspects). In 'Calcitoninia: Nuove Acquisizioni e Prospettive,' G.De Bastiani, A.Pecile, V.Pietrogrande, and C.Sirtori (eds.), Fondazione Carlo Erba, Milano (Italian) 1979; (--):-. >>> Calcitonin, salmon; SC; rat; 1-14 days; comparison of human vs. animal data; intermittent vs. mp infusion; peptides.

P0031 Obie,J.F., Cooper,C.W. Loss of calcemic effects of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone infused continuously into rats using the ALZET osmotic minipump. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1979; 209(-3-):422-428. >>> Calcitonin; Parathyroid hormone, bovine; Cysteine HCl; HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 7 days; organ replacement therapy (thyroparathyroidectomy); peptides.

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2. Calcitriol

P3236 Long,J.F., Nagode,L.A., Steinmeyer,C.L., Renkes,G. Comparative effects of calcitriol and parathyroid hormone on serum aluminum in vitamin D-depleted rabbits fed an aluminum-supplemented diet. Res.Commun.Chem.Pathol.Pharmacol. 1994; 83(-1-):3-14. >>> Calcitriol; Parathyroid hormone (1-34); Cysteine; HCI; Saline; rabbit; 7 days; functionality of mp verified by serum levels; peptides.

P2664 Brown,A.J., Finch,J., Grieff,M., Ritter,C., Kubodera,N., Nishii,Y., Slatopolsky,E. The mechanism for the disparate actions of calcitriol and 22-oxacalcitriol in the intestine. Endocrinology 1993; 133(-3-):1158-1164. >>> Oxacalcitriol, 22-; Vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxy-; Propylene glycol; SC; rat; 2002; 3 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; agent is 1,25-(OH)2D3.

P2142 Shimosawa,T., Ando,K., Fujita,T. Enhancement of vasoconstrictor response by a noncalcemic analogue of vitamin D3. Hypertension 1993; 21(-2-):253-258. >>> Oxacalcitriol, 22-; Vitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxy-; Vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxy-; Propylene glycol; SC; rat; 2002; 14 days; no comment posted.

P2356 Long,J.F., Renkes,G., Steinmeyer,C.L., Nagode,L.A. Effect of calcitriol infusions on serum aluminum in vitamin D-depleted rabbits fed an aluminum-supplemented ration. Res.Commun.Chem.Pathol.Pharmacol. 1991; 74(-1-):89-104. >>> Calcitriol; Propylene glycol; SC; rabbit; 7, 28 days; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; toxicology.

P1656 Patel,S., Simpson,R.U., Hsu,C.H. Effect of vitamin D metabolites on calcitriol metabolism in experimental renal failure. Kidney Int. 1989; 36(--):234-239. >>> Calcitriol; Vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxy-; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; SC; rat; 2001; 1 week; functionality of mp verified by measuring residual volume.

P1654 Long,J.F., Steinmeyer,C.L., Thornton,D.J., Nagode,L.A. Serum calcitriol and parathyroid hormone levels following prolonged infusion of calcitriol in vitamin D replete and depleted rabbits. Res.Commun.Chem.Pathol.Pharmacol. 1989; 64(-2-):273-286. >>> Calcitriol; Propylene glycol; SC; rabbit; 2ML1; 2ML4; 7, 28 days; functionality of mp verified by serum calcitriol levels; dose-response (graphs); 3 doses of calcitriol infused.

P1502 Popoff,S.N., McGuire,J.L., Zerwekh,J.E., Marks,S.C. Treatment of congenital osteopetrosis in the rabbit with high-dose 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. J.Bone and Min.Res. 1989; 4(-1-):57-67. >>> Calcitriol; Propylene glycol; SC; rabbit; 2 weeks; dose-response; functionality of mp verified by serum levels.

P0508 Parfitt,A.M., Mathews,C.H.E., Brommage,R., Jarnagin,K., DeLuca,H.F. Calcitriol but no other metabolite of vitamin D is essential for normal bone growth and development in the rat. J.Clin.Invest. 1984; 73(--):576-586. >>> Calcitriol; Propylene glycol; SC; rat; 2002; 40 days; comparison of calcitriol or OHD2 po 3x/wk vs. mp infusion; intermittent oral dosing; mp replaced every 2 weeks; no stress implied by the normal growth of the animals.

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