References on the Administration of Antioxidants Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

1. AEOL 10150

P5554 Bowler,R.P., Sheng,H.X., Enghild,J.J., Pearlstein,R.D., Warner,D.S., Crapo,J.D. A catalytic antioxidant (AEOL 10150) attenuates expression of inflammatory genes in stroke. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2002; 33(-8-):1141-1152. >>> AEOL 10150; PBS; IV (jugular); Mice; 1003D; 6 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; AEOL 10150 is a catalytic antioxidant metalloporphyrin; ischemia (cerebral).

P5314 Sheng,H.X., Enghild,J.J., Bowler,R., Patel,M., Batinic-Haberle,I., Calvi,C.L., Day,B.J., Pearlstein,R.D., Crapo,J.D., Warner,D.S. Effects of metalloporphyrin catalytic antioxidants in experimental brain ischemia. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2002; 33(-7-):947-961. >>> AEOL 10150; PBS; IV (jugular); Mice; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; plasma levels of AEOL 10150 determined by HPLC; ischemia (cerebral).

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2. Ascorbic Acid

P2797 Keshet,G.I., Weinstock,M. Maternal naltrexone prevents morphological and behavioral alterations induced in rats by prenatal stress. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1995; 50(-3-):413-419. >>> Ascorbic acid; Naltrexone; Saline; SC; rat (pregnant); rat; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle.

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3. Catalase

P4207 Shimoda,K., Nomura,M., Kato,M. Effect of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory drugs, and histamine antagonists on Sparfloxacin-induced phototoxicity in mice. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 1996; 31(--):133-140. >>> Catalase; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Dexamethasone; Indomethacin; Pyrilamine maleate; AA-861; Cimetidine; Phenidone; Ethanol; Saline; SC; mice; 1007D; 72 hours; all agents infused concomitantly in the same pump; preliminary study conducted to test solubility and toxicity for 5 days; enzyme inhibitors; toxicology.

P3115 Truelove,D., Shuaib,A., Ijaz,S., Richardson,S., Kalra,J. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and U78517F attenuate neuronal damage in gerbils with repeated brief ischemic insults. Neurochem.Res. 1994; 19(-6-):665-671. >>> Superoxide dismutase; Catalase; CSF/CNS; gerbil; 1007D; 7 days; controls received mp with saline; agents given separately and together; ischemia (cerebral).

P2520 Macdonald,R.L., Weir,B.K.A., Runzer,T.D., Grace,M.G.A., Poznansky,M.J. Effect of intrathecal superoxide dismutase and catalase on oxyhemoglobin-induced vasospasm in monkeys. Neurosurgery 1992; 30(-4-):529-539. >>> Catalase; Superoxide dismutase; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); monkey; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received inactivated SOD and BSA; functionality of mp verified by measuring enzyme levels in CSF during infusion and testing agent released from pump in vitro for 7 days; stability verified by measuring activity of enzymes released from pumps in vitro over 7 days; daily CSF sampling performed using a subcutaneous Ommaya reservoir; authors report no cases of catheter blockage or dislodgement.

P1931 Hattori,T., Ito,M., Suzuki,Y. Changes in intra-renal scavenging enzymes activities of the reactive oxygen species in experimental glomerulo-nephritis and nephrosis in rats. Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 1991; 33(-2-):191-199. >>> Glutathione peroxidase; Catalase; Superoxide dismutase; rat; no duration posted; Japanese with English abstract.

P1741 Mossman,B.T., Marsh,J.P., Sesko,A., Hill,S., Shatos,M.A., Doherty,J., Petruska,J., Adler,K.B., Hemenway,D., Mickey,R., Vacek,P., Kagan,E. Inhibition of lung injury, inflammation, and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis by polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase in a rapid inhalation model of asbestosis. Am.Rev.Respir.Dis. 1990; 141(--):1266-1271. >>> Catalase; Superoxide dismutase; PBS; SC; rat; 2ML4; 10, 20 days; functionality of mp verified by serum catalase; PEG-conjugated enzymes; antioxidants; stability of enzymes questioned beyond 20 days.

P1099 Mossman,B.T., Marsh,J.P., Hardwick,D., Gilbert,R., Hill,S., Sesko,A., Shatos,M., Doherty,J., Weller,A., Bergeron,M. Approaches to prevention of asbestos-induced lung disease using polyethylene glycol (PEG) - congugated catalase. J.Free Radicals in Biology&Medicine 1986; 2(--):335-338. >>> Catalase, PEG-; Saline, balanced; rat; 2ML4; 28 days; controls received surgery but no mp; dose response; 3 doses of agent infused.

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4. Dimethylthiourea

P4810 Wolf,G., Wenzel,U., Hannken,T., Stahl,R.A.K. Angiotensin II induces p27Kip1 expression in renal tubules in vivo: role of reactive oxygen species.. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2001; 79(--):382-389. >>> Angiotensin II; Dimethylthiourea;; PBS;; IP;; rat;; 2002;; 7 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; Dimethylthiourea, also called DMTU, is an antioxidant; some animals received 2 pumps (IP): one pump for ANG II infusion and one for DMTU infusion;.

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5. Ebselen

P6576 Khatri,J.J., Johnson,C., Magid,R., Lessner,S.M., Laude,K.M., Dikalov,S.I., Harrison,D.G., Sung,H.J., Rong,Y., Galis,Z.S. Vascular oxidant stress enhances progression and angiogenesis of experimental atheroma. Circulation 2004; 109(-4-):520-525. >>> Ebselen; DMSO; SC; Mice (transgenic); 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; 50% DMSO; ebselen is a glutathione peroxidase-mimetic antioxidant (a.k.a Harmokisane).

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6. Euk-189

P8003 Tocco,G., Illigens,B.M.W., Malfroy,B., Benichou,G. Prolongation of alloskin graft survival by catalytic scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Cellular Immunology 2006; 241(-2-):59-65. >>> EUK-189; Mice; 8-10 days; Animal info (female, 6-8 weeks old, BALB/C and C57BL/6).

P7798 Zhang,H.J., Doctrow,S.R., Oberley,L.W., Kregel,K.C. Chronic antioxidant enzyme mimetic treatment differentially modulates hyperthermia-induced liver HSP70 expression with aging. Journal of Applied Physiology 2006; 100(-4-):1385-1391. >>> EUK-189; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2004; 30 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; animal info (male, Fischer 344, 6 month old, 300-400g., 24 month old, 350-450g.).

P7236 Peng,J., Stevenson,F.F., Doctrow,S.R., Andersen,J.K. Superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics are neuroprotective against selective paraquat-mediated dopaminergic neuron death in the substantial nigra - Implications for Parkinson disease. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2005; 280(-32-):29194-29198. >>> EUK-189; Mannitol; SC; Mice; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P6477 Browne,S.E., Roberts,LJ II, Dennery,P.A., Doctrow,S.R., Beal,M.F., Barlow,C., Levine,R.L. Treatment with a catalytic antioxidant corrects the neurobehavioral defect in ataxia-telangiectasia mice. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2004; 36(-7-):938-942. >>> EUK-189; Mannitol; SC; Mice; 2004; 56, 84 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced every 28 days; no stress (see pg.941); cancer (thymoma); EUK-189 is a synthetic catalytic antioxidant w/ both catalase&superoxide dismutase activities; neurodegenerative (ataxia telangiectasia).

P5936 Liu,R.L., Liu,I.Y., Bi,X.N., Thompson,R.F., Doctrow,S.R., Malfroy,B., Baudry,M. Reversal of age-related learning deficits and brain oxidative stress in mice with superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES O F AMERICA 2003; 100(-14-):8526-8531. >>> Euk-189; euk-207; Mannitol; water; SC; Mice; 2004; 3 months; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced every 28 days in same location; pumps primed for >40 hours in 5% mannitol; eukarion is a synthetic catalytic scavenger of reactive oxygen species; stress/adverse reaction: in 10% of mice, the pumps were replaced on the other side of hip area due to skin damage of original site of implantation; behavioral study.

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7. Genistein

P6396 Benter,I.F., Juggi,J.S., Khan,I., Akhtar,S. Inhibition of Ras-GTPase, but not tyrosine kinases or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, improves recovery of cardiac function in the globally ischemic heart. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY 2004; 259(-1-2-):35-42. >>> FPT III; KN-93; Genistein; Saline; IP; Rat; 2ML1; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (tyrosine kinase, CaMKII); cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac).

P5855 Wu,J., Wang,X.X., Chiba,H., Higuchi,M., Takasaki,M., Ohta,A., Ishimi,Y. Combined intervention of exercise and genistein prevented androgen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice. Journal of Applied Physiology 2003; 94(-1-):335-342. >>> Genistein; Estradiol, 17B-; DMSO; PEG 300; SC; Mice; 2002; 4 weeks; Replacement therapy (orchidectomy); dose-response (p.336); 20% DMSO used in vehicle.

P5463 O'Connor,T.P., Liesen,D.A., Mann,P.C., Rolando,L., Banz,W.J. A high isoflavone soy protein diet and intravenous genistein delay rejection of rat cardiac allografts. Journal of Nutrition 2002; 132(-8-):2283-2287. >>> Genistein; estradiol, 17B-; DMSO; PEG 300; SC; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P4488 Ishimi,Y., Miyaura,C, Ohmura,M, Onoe,Y, Sato,T, Uchiyama,Y, Ito,M, Wang,X, Suda,T, Ikegami,S. Selective effects of genistein, a soybean isoflavone, on B-Lymphopoiesis and bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency.. Endocrinology 1999; 140(-4-):1893-1900. >>> Estradiol, 17 B-; Genistein; DMSO; PEG 300; SC; Mice; 2 - 4 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; replacement therapy (ovariectomy); genistein is an isoflavone present in soybeans; structure is similar to estrogen;.

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8. Glutathione

P8211 Luikart,S.D., Levay-Young,B., Hinkel,T., Shearer,J., Mills,C., Caldwell,M.D., Gyetko,M.R., Oegema,T.R. Mactinin treatment promotes wound-healing-associated inflammation in urokinase knockout mice. Wound Repair and Regeneration 2006; 14(-2-):123-128. >>> Mactinin; glutathione 5-transferase; Saline; SC; Rat; mice (transgenic); 1007D; 1, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or GST; peptides; animal info (Tgu PA-/- or wt; Fisher, 150-200g); Polyvinyl alcohol sponges soaked in agent implanted SC, with mp cateter directed to center of sponge: "osmotic pumps were used to continually deliver the fragment and replenish the mactinin in the sponges" (p.125); wound healing.

P6280 Anderson,M.F., Nilsson,M., Eriksson,P.S., Sims,N.R. Glutathione monoethyl ester provides neuroprotection in a rat model of stroke. Neuroscience Letters 2004; 354(-2-):163-165. >>> Glutathione monoethyl ester; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; dental cement used; post op. care (xylocaine/adrenaline injected into site of wound); neuroprotection; ischemia (cerebral); antioxidant.

P5597 Fournier,A.E., Takizawa,B.T., Strittmatter,S.M. Rho kinase inhibition enhances axonal regeneration in the injured CNS. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-4-):1416-1423. >>> C3 Transferase; Glutathione S-transferase; Y-27632; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2-3 weeks; Enzyme inhibitor (protein kinase); peptides; spinal cord injury; Y-27632 is a Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor.

P7698 Seurin,D., Lassarre,C., Bienvenu,G., Babajko,S. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 inhibits neuroblastoma cell proliferation and tumour development. Eur.J.Cancer 2002/10; 38(-15-):2058-2065. >>> Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6; glutathione S-transferase; SC; Mice (nude); 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ GST; dose-response (table 1); comparison of daily IP injections vs. mp; cancer (neuroblastoma); peptides; animal info (female, SP Swiss nude, 6 wk old); "The (tumor developed) delay was not evident in mice injected i.p., possibly because IGFBP-6 is rapidly degraded in the bloodstream." (p. 2063).

P5249 Sharkey,E.M., O'Neill,H.B., Kavarana,M.J., Wang,H., Creighton,D.J., Sentz,D.L., Eiseman,J.L. Pharmacokinetics and antitumor properties in tumor-bearing mice of an enediol analogue inhibitor of glyoxalase I. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol 2000; 46(-2-):156-166. >>> Glutathione, S-(N-p-chlorophenyl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl); Cyclodextrin, B-; IV (jugular); Mice; 2002; 14 days; Comparison of IV injections vs. mp; enzyme inhibitor; 20% hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin used; CHG (Et)2 is an enediol analog inhibitor of glycoxalase in its ester prodrug form; colon adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer.

P3851 Powell,J.A., Mohamed,S.N., Kerr,J.S., Mousa,S.A. Antiangiogenesis efficacy of nitric oxide donors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 2000; 80(--):104-114. >>> Penicillamine, S-nitroso N-acetyl-; Glutathione, S-nitroso N-acetyl;; Saline; SC; mice; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; SNAP and SNAG are nitric oxide donors; angiogenesis inhibitors..

P1931 Hattori,T., Ito,M., Suzuki,Y. Changes in intra-renal scavenging enzymes activities of the reactive oxygen species in experimental glomerulo-nephritis and nephrosis in rats. Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 1991; 33(-2-):191-199. >>> Glutathione peroxidase; Catalase; tempol; rat; no duration posted; Japanese with English abstract.

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9. Magnolol

P6119 Chen,J.H., Wu,C.C., Hsiao,G., Yen,M.H. Magnolol induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2003; 368(-2-):127-133. >>> Magnolol; Alcohol; SC; Rat; 2001; 2 weeks; Dose-response (p. 129); pumps replaced every 7 days; magnolol, an active component purified from magnolia officinalis, is a commonly used chinese medicinal herb, with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

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10. Mannitol

P6456 Barcia,J.A., Castillo,A., Gutierrez,R., Gallego,J.M., Ortiz,L., Hernandez,M.E. Continuous intra-amygdalar infusion of GABA in the amygdala kindling model of epilepsy in rat. Epilepsy Research 2004; 58(-1-):19-26. >>> Aminobutyric acid, Y-; mannitol; Saline; CSF/CNS (amygdala); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/mannitol; functionality of mp verified by cutting open&visual inspection; dose-response (table 1); no stress (see pg. 25).

P5672 Chelikh,L., Teixeira,M., Martin,C., Sterkers,O., Ferrary,E., Couloigner,V. High variability of perilymphatic entry of neutral molecules through the round window. Acta Oto-laryngologica 2003; 123(-2-):199-202. >>> Mannitol; Inulin;; Radio-isotopes; 3H tracer; saline; ethanol; Ear (round window); Guinea-pig; 1007D; 7 days; Agents are 3H labeled.

P4692 Bittner,B, Thelly,Th, Isel,H, Mountfield,R.J. The impact of co-solvents and the composition of experimental formulations on the pump rate of the ALZET®osmotic pump.. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2000; 205(--):195-198. >>> Mannitol; Radio-isotopes;; Pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-; Propylene glycol; PEG; 14C tracer; Water; Dimethylacetamide, N-N-;; in vitro; 2ML1; 8 days; Functionality of mp verified by in vitro testing; ALZAID chemical compatibility kit used; various solvents employed to find compatibility with drug reservoir;.

P2798 Klarr,S.A., Keep,R.F., Betz,A.L. Chronic central potassium infusion prevents deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension in rats. Am.J.Physiol.(Heart Circ.Physiol.37) 1995; 268(--):H646-H652. >>> Cerebrospinal fluid, artificial; Mannitol; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; no duration posted; controls were sham operated and received mixed-concentration aCSF, received no infusions, or received aCSF w/normal physiological balance of sodium and potassium; experimental groups consisted of varying the ratio of potassium to sodium in the aCSF; mannitol added to infusate in one high-potassium group to maintain isosmolality.

P2170 Andrews,K.M., McGowan,M.K., Gallitano,A., Grossman,S.P. Water intake during chronic preoptic infusions of osmotically active or inert solutions. Physiol.Behav. 1992; 52(-2-):241-245. >>> Potassium Chloride, hypertonic; Sodium chloride, hypertonic; Mannitol, hypertonic; Saline, isotonic; Water; CSF/CNS (preoptic area); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; bilateral infusion to brain.

P0854 Denton,D.A., McKinley,M.J., Nelson,J.F., Osborne,P., Simpson,J., Tarjan,E., Weisinger,R.S. Species differences in the effect of decreased CSF sodium concentration on salt appetite. J.Physiol. 1984; 79(--):499-504. >>> Mannitol; Cerebrospinal fluid, artificial; CSF/CNS; rat; 2ML1; 4 days; study of effect of agents on salt appetite; agents infused simultaneously.

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11. Resveratrol

P5513 Zini,R., Morin,C., Bertelli,A., Bertelli,A.A.E., Tillement,J.P. Resveratrol-induced limitation of dysfunction of mitochondria isolated from rat brain in an anoxia-reoxygenation model. LIFE SCIENCES 2002; 71(-26-):3091-3108. >>> Resveratrol; DMSO; PEG 300; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 10% DMSO used; Resveratrol is a natural phytoalexin with antioxidant properties.

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12. Retinoic Acid

P7250 Liu,T., Bohlken,A., Kuljaca,S., Lee,M., Nguyen,T., Smith,S., Cheung,B., Norris,M.D., Haber,M., Holloway,A.J., Bowtell,D.D.L., Marshall,G.M. The retinoid anticancer signal: mechanisms of target gene regulation. British Journal of Cancer 2005; 93(-3-):310-318. >>> Retinoic acid, 13-cis-; Ethanol; SC; Mice (transgenic); 1007D; 5 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); no stress (see pg. 312-13); cancer (neuroblastoma).

P7232 Karam,S.M., John,R., Alpers,D.H., Ponery,A.S. Retinoic acid stimulates the dynamics of mouse gastric epithelial progenitors. Stem Cells 2005; 23(-3-):433-441. >>> Retinoic acid; uridine, bromodeoxy-; SC; Mice; 1, 3, 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; cancer (gastric); multiple pumps per animal (2).

R0148 Al Musawi,D., Thompson,J.N. Adhesion prevention: state of the art. GYNAECOLOGICAL ENDOSCOPY 2001; 10(--):123-130. >>> Dipyridamole; Lazaroids; Retinoic acid; ; Review of adhesion formation and prevention; mentions the use of mini-osmotic pumps to evaluate new agents to reduce experimental pelvic adhesions (p. 125)..

P4739 Kopke,R.D, Jackson,R.L, Li,G, Rasmussen,M.D, Hoffer,M.E, Frenz,D.A, Costello,M, Schultheiss,P, Van De Water,T.R. Growth factor treatment enhances vestibular hair cell renewal and results in improved vestibular function.. PNAS 2001; 98(-10-):5886-5891. >>> Transforming growth factor; Insulin-like growth factor I; Retinoic acid; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor;; PBS; BSA;; ear (vestibule);; guinea-pig;; 2002;; 4 weeks;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; peptides; IntraEAR catheter used; GFI group pumps filled with TGF, IGF and Retinoic acid; GFII group pumps filled with TGF, IGF, BDNF and retinoic acid;.

P4026 Rodgers,K.E., Girgis,W., Amand,K.St., Campeau,J.D., diZerega,G.S. Reduction of adhesion formation by intraperitoneal administration of various anti-inflammatory agents. J.Invest.Surgery 1998; 11(--):327-339. >>> Retinoic acid; Quinacrine; Dipyridamole; PBS; Ethanol; surgical injury site; rabbit; 2ML1; 1, 2, 3, 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; tissue perfusion (surgical injury site); animals given morphine i.m. for post-operative pain; catheter stabilized in sidewall w/suture; in some studies, catheter tubing was disconnected to halt flow at specific times; immunology.

P3491 Kaya,M., Chang,L., Truong,A., Brightman,M.W. Chemical induction of fenestrae in vessels of the blood-brain barrier. Exp.Neurol. 1996; 142(--):6-13. >>> Retinoic acid; Phorbol myristate acetate; ETOH; Gibco BRL minimal essential medium; DMSO; Culture medium, serum-free; CSF/CNS (cortex); rat; 2ML1; 21, 28 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; pumps replaced weekly.

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13. Tempol (superoxide Dismutase)

P7413 Welch,W.J., Mendonca,M., Blau,J., Karber,A., Dennehy,K., Patel,K., Lao,Y.S., Jose,P.A., Wilcox,C.S. Antihypertensive response to prolonged tempol in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Kidney International 2005; 68(-1-):179-187. >>> Tempol; NaCl; SC; Rat; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, wistar-kyoto, 210-300 g).

P7123 Kimura,Y., Hirooka,Y., Sagara,Y., Ito,K., Kishi,T., Shimokawa,H., Takeshita,A., Sunagawa,K. Overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rostral ventrolateral medulla causes hypertension and sympathoexcitation via an increase in oxidative stress. Circulation Research 2005; 96(-2-):252-260. >>> Tempol; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (cisterna); Rat; 1002; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of CSF/CNS microinjections vs. mp; cardiovascular.

P7099 Benn,S.C., Ay,I., Bastia,E., Chian,R.J., Celia,S.A., Pepinsky,R.B., Fishman,P.S., Brown,RH Jr, Francis,J.W. Tetanus toxin fragment C fusion facilitates protein delivery to CNS neurons from cerebrospinal fluid in mice. Journal of Neurochemistry 2005; 95(-4-):1118-1131. >>> Toxin, tetanus fragment C; tempol, toxin tetanus fragment C; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Stability verified by incubation at 37C for 7 days; brain tissue distribution; post op. care (bupivicaine and betadine in wound); animal info (C57BL/6, male, 25-30 g); dental cement used for cannula adhesion, agent also know as TTC; compounds were also distributed to further brain sites such as the hypothalamus and the thalamus.

P7013 Welch,W.J., Blau,J., Xie,H., Chabrashvili,T., Wilcox,C.S. Angiotensin-induced defects in renal oxygenation: role of oxidative stress. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2005; 288(-1-):H22-H28. >>> Angiotensin II; tempol; Sodium chloride; SC; Rat; 2002; 12-13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (pg. H23); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P7696 Wu,D.C., Teismann,P., Tieu,K., Vila,M., Jackson-Lewis,V., Ischiropoulos,H., Przedborski,S. NADPH oxidase mediates oxidative stress in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 2003/5/13; 100(-10-):6145-6150. >>> Tempol; CSF/CNS (striatum); Mice; 7 days; Neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P6059 Sedeek,M.H., Llinas,M.T., Drummond,H., Fortepiani,L., Abram,S.R., Alexander,B.T., Reckelhoff,J.F., Granger,J.P. Role of reactive oxygen species in endothelin-induced hypertension. Hypertension 2003; 42(-4-):806-810. >>> Endothelin-1; tempol; IV (jugular); Rat; 2002; 9 days; Peptides.

P5848 Gariboldi,M.B., Ravizza,R., Petterino,C., Castagnaro,M., Finocchiaro,G., Monti,E. Study of in vitro and in vivo effects of the piperidine nitroxide Tempol - a potential new therapeutic agent for gliomas. European Journal of Cancer 2003; 39(-6-):829-837. >>> Tempol; Saline, sterile; SC; Mice (nude); 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; adverse reaction: (see pg. 835) precipitation in pump; cancer (glioma); antioxidant; tempol (TPL) or (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy) or superoxide dismutase, mimetic is a stable nitroxide free radical; "375 mg/ml concentration was highest achievable TPL concentration, when this limit was exceeded, TPL precipitation occurred, impairing drug flow from the pump...".

P5654 Welch,W.J., Mendonca,M., Aslam,S., Wilcox,C.S. Roles of oxidative stress and AT(1) receptors in renal hemodynamics and oxygenation in the postclipped 2K,1C kidney. Hypertension 2003; 41(-3-):692-696. >>> Tempol; Rat; 2 weeks; Antihypertensive; also refered as superoxide dismutase, mimetic.

P6143 Kawada,N., Imai,E., Karber,A., Welch,W.J., Wilcox,C.S. A mouse model of angiotensin II slow pressor response: Role of oxidati ve stress. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2002; 13(-12-):2860-2868. >>> Angiotensin II; tempol; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Blood pressure taken; dose-response (p. 2862); cardiovascular; peptides.

P3263 Karran,E.H., Dodgson,K., Harris,S.J., Markwell,R.E., Harper,G.P. A simple in vivo model of collagen degradation using collagen-gelled cotton buds: the effects of collagenase inhibitors and other agents. Inflamm.Res. 1995; 44(--):36-46. >>> Collagenase inhibitor A; Collagenase inhibitor B; Collagenase inhibitor C; tempol; Superoxide dismutase-PEG; Cytochalasin B; Pepstatin; APMSF; TLCK; SBTI; Leupeptin; E-64; Methylamine; SC; Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; no stress (see pg. 39); immunology; pumps connected with catheter tubing to 14C-collagen-gelled cotton buds.

P3115 Truelove,D., Shuaib,A., Ijaz,S., Richardson,S., Kalra,J. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and U78517F attenuate neuronal damage in gerbils with repeated brief ischemic insults. Neurochem.Res. 1994; 19(-6-):665-671. >>> Tempol; catalase; CSF/CNS; Gerbil; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp with saline; agents given separately and together; ischemia (cerebral).

P2520 Macdonald,R.L., Weir,B.K.A., Runzer,T.D., Grace,M.G.A., Poznansky,M.J. Effect of intrathecal superoxide dismutase and catalase on oxyhemoglobin-induced vasospasm in monkeys. Neurosurgery 1992; 30(-4-):529-539. >>> Catalase; tempol; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); monkey; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received inactivated SOD and BSA; functionality of mp verified by measuring enzyme levels in CSF during infusion and testing agent released from pump in vitro for 7 days; stability verified by measuring activity of enzymes released from pumps in vitro over 7 days; daily CSF sampling performed using a subcutaneous Ommaya reservoir; authors report no cases of catheter blockage or dislodgement.

P2438 Suzuki,S., Kanashiro,M., Hayashi,R., Amemiya,H. Rescue therapy for acute rejection using 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG) in combination with superoxide dismutase (SOD) on cardiac allografts in rats. Transplant.Int. 1992; 5(-Sup.1-):S547-S551. >>> Sodium oxide dismutase, recomb. human (tempol); Saline; IV (vena cava); rat; 2001; 8 days; dose-response (graph p. S550).

P1931 Hattori,T., Ito,M., Suzuki,Y. Changes in intra-renal scavenging enzymes activities of the reactive oxygen species in experimental glomerulo-nephritis and nephrosis in rats. Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 1991; 33(-2-):191-199. >>> Glutathione peroxidase; Catalase; tempol; rat; no duration posted; Japanese with English abstract.

P1741 Mossman,B.T., Marsh,J.P., Sesko,A., Hill,S., Shatos,M.A., Doherty,J., Petruska,J., Adler,K.B., Hemenway,D., Mickey,R., Vacek,P., Kagan,E. Inhibition of lung injury, inflammation, and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis by polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase in a rapid inhalation model of asbestosis. Am.Rev.Respir.Dis. 1990; 141(--):1266-1271. >>> Catalase; tempol; PBS; SC; rat; 2ML4; 10, 20 days; functionality of mp verified by serum catalase; PEG-conjugated enzymes; antioxidants; stability of enzymes questioned beyond 20 days.

P1476 Teixeira,A.A., Azevedo,I., Branco,D., Rodrigues-Pereira,E., Osswald,W. Sympathetic denervation caused by long-term noradrenaline infusions; prevention by desipramine and superoxide dismutase. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1989; 97(--):95-102. >>> Desipramine HCl; Norepinephrine; tempol; EDTA; Heparin; Saline; IV (saphenous); dog; 2ML1; 5 days; dose-response; implanted sc above the knee; functionality of mp verified by visual inspection of sectioned pump and by serum levels; tissue perfusion; animal info (m, 9-15 kg); 5000 Units of heparin.

P0153 Gold,G., Manning,M., Heldt,A., Nowlain,R., Pettit,J.R., Grodsky,G.M. Diabetes induced with multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin: lack of protection by exogenous superoxide dismutase. Diabetes 1981; 30(--):634-638. >>> Tempol; Saline; SC; mice; 7 days; comparison of iv injection vs. infusion.

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14. Thioredoxin

P7999 Ueda,S., Nakamura,T., Yamada,A., Teratani,A., Matsui,N., Furukawa,S., Hoshino,Y., Narita,M., Yodoi,J., Nakamura,H. Recombinant human thioredoxin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced bronchoalveolar neutrophil infiltration in rat. LIFE SCIENCES 2006; 79(-12-):1170-1177. >>> Thioredoxin, human recomb.; SC; Mice (nude); 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ PBS; plasma levels taken; cancer (colon, carcinoma); peptides; animal info (female, 6 weeks old, nude); xenograft.

P3398 Hawkins,R.L., Mori,M., Inoue,M., Torii,K. Proline, ascorbic acid, or thioredoxin affect jaundice and mortality in Long Evans Cinnamon rats. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1995; 52(-3-):509-515. >>> Thioredoxin; IP; rat; 2002; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/saline; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; immunology; peptides; thioredoxin is an endogenous antioxidant protein.

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15. Vitamin B

P3776 Kiuchi,T., Sei,H., Seno,H., Sano,A., Morita,Y. Effect of vitamin B12 on the sleep-wake rhythm following an 8-hour advance of the light-dark cycle in the rat. Physiol.Behav. 1997; 61(-4-):551-554. >>> Vitamin B12; IP; rat; 2002; 15 days; controls received mp w/saline.

P1825 Brass,E.P., Allen,R.H., Ruff,L.J., Stabler,S. Effect of hydroxycobalamin[c-lactam] on propionate and carnitine metabolism in the rat. Biochem.J. 1990; 226(--):809-815. >>> Vitamin B12 analog; SC; rat; 2002; no duration posted; controls received pumps with saline only; pumps replaced after three weeks; cobalamin analog.

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16. Vitamin E

P3759 Udaka,T., Misao,T., Aoe,M., Date,H., Andou,A., Shimizu,N. The effect of combination therapy with EPC-K1 and low-dose cyclosporine to pulmonary allograft after rat lung transplantation. J.Heart Lung Transplant 1997; 16(--):839-845. >>> vitamin E; IP; rat; 2001; 7 days; functionality of mp verified by measuring EPC-K1 plasma levels; immunology; EPC-K1 is a diester of a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid; agent also called D-alpha-tocopherol.

P2013 Stein,D.G., Halks-Miller,M., Hoffman,S.W. Intracerebral administration of alpha-tocopherol-containing liposomes facilitates behavioral recovery in rats with bilateral lesions of the frontal cortex. J.Neurotrauma 1991; 8(-4-):281-292. >>> Phosphatidylcholine; vitamin E; Liposomes; CSF/CNS (cortex); rat; 2001; 7 days; Multiple pumps per animal (2); agent also called D-alpha-tocopherol.

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